Psych 346, exam 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Spacing doesn't help with
- Perceptual categorization (grouping things based on look)
- Metacognition
- the ability to judge how well you have learned
- Seven IES recommendations
- spacing, concrete and abstract, visual and auditory, examples and problems, deep processing, quizzing and help with knowledge assessment, prequestions
- Procedural Memory
- skill learning
- Semantic Memory
- knowledge for facts
- Episodic Memory
- knowledge for events
- Four study types for double dissociations
- Procedural, developmental, pharmacological, brain damage
- Declarative Memory dependent on
- Frontal, Medial temporal lobes, also cerebellum
- Non-declarative memory dependent on
- Occipital lobe - visual priming (R), midbrain - procedural
- Iconic memory
- What you just saw briefly, flashbulb
- Short-term memory
- What you just saw in order
- Working memory
- What you just saw, manipulated (alphabetized)
- Autobiographical memory
- Memory about yourself
- Prospective memory
- Memory for the future (need to change tires)
- PRS
- Perceptual representation system, priming
- The modal model
- Info into short term, through repetition, into long term, wrong
- Anoetic
- dont know where information came from, not aware of it (procedural, priming)
- Noetic
- dont know where information came from, but know that you have it (semantic)
- Autonoetic
- Know what happened to me (autobiographical)
- Declarative vs nondeclarative
- separated by conscious use of memory
- Long-term potentiation
- change in downstream response later due to strong input earlier on (= long-term sensitization
- Contamination
- makes testing difficult, can be influenced by multiple factors
- Amygdala
- important in emotional memory
- Temporal lobe
- stores knowledge
- Parietal lobe
- directs attention
- Frontal lobe
- involved in recall
- Verbal information processed more on _ side
- left
- Nonverbal information processed more on _ side
- right
- PET
- + can make it specific to a neurotransmitter, - slow, uses radiation
- fMRI
- + shows bloodflow in brain using iron to show where oxygenated blood is, - still a delay of seconds
- TMS
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Can stimulate or disrupt a brain area (temporarily)
- ERP
- Evoked response potential + good temporal resolution - poor spatial resolution
- Two factors and what they predict (flashbulb/event)
- Media coverage and ensuing conversation predict flashbulb confidence and event memory accuracy
- Six canonical features of flashbulb memories
- Where you were, who told you, what you were doing, what you did immediately afterward, how you felt, how others felt
- What is wrong with the modal model
- levels of processing - there is a difference in how information is processed, deeper meaning gets greater retention - info can go straight into long-term memory
- Brown-Peterson task
- String of letters or words followed by sum, shows serial positioning curve, proactive interference
- Proactive interference
- In Brown-Peterson task, repeating categories causes confusion, bad performance
- Serial position curve
- Curve from when recalling a list, shows priamcy and recency - often doesnt show up until 5th or 6th trial because subject doesnt know how to do it
- Nelson Cowan / attention
- we can only pay attention to four blocks (visual), 7 numbers (on average)
- Matching experiment showed
- that amnesiacs had damaged relational memory, not long-term memory
- 3 components of working memory
- Phonological loop, visuospatial scratchpad, central executive
- Phonological loop
- about 2 seconds, vulnerable to articulatory suppression
- Phonological loop used in (2,1)
- counting, vocabulary learning, not in reading
- Visuospatial scratchpad
- tested by block F task interference found when pointing to answer, shows it is partially spatial (none for saying), bad details for visual (imagining blueberries, shapes in star of David)
- Episodic buffer
- Baddely added this to his model to account for long-term memory needed in short-term (understanding language)
- Fluid/crystallized memory
- fluid memory is strictly short-term, crystallized is long-term important in short-term
- faces, places
- fusiform face area parahippocampal place area
- More activity in LTM trials
- anterior PFC and hippocampus
- Brodman's areas
- Areas of the brain separated by different cell structure
- verbal storage (brain area)
- parietal
- Brain area in spatial storage
- right DLPFC
- PFC
- spatial info more dorsal than object info, visual left, spatial right
- Anterior cingulate
- involved in inhibition, response conflict - important in central executive
- Central executive important predictor in (6)
- Reading comprehension, mathematical ability, reasoning, SAT/GRE scores, disorders, fluid intelligence
- Patient RE (4)
- no phonological loop, thinks lemon rhymes with demon, difficulty repeating exactly what was said, better than controls under articulatory suppression
- Conflict types, brain areas associated
- response conflict - anterior cingulate familiarity conflict - left interior frontal gyrus
- Executive function brain area
- more frontal, more long term is more frontal
- Perceptual function brain area
- more back, longer-term is more back