Medical Terminology Test 2 Chapter 6
Terms
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- agglutin/o
- clumping
- chrom/o
- color
- coagul/o
- clotting
- erythr/o
- red
- fibrin/o
- fibers, fibrous
- granul/o
- granules
- hem/o
- blood
- hemat/o
- blood
- leuk/o
- white
- morph/o
- shape
- myel/o
- bone marrow
- phag/o
- eat, swallow
- sanguin/o
- blood
- thromb/o
- clot
- -apheresis
- removal, carry away
- -cyte
- cell
- -cytosis
- more than the normal number of cells
- -emia
- blood condition
- -globin
- protein
- -penia
- abnormal decrease, too few
- -poiesis
- formation
- -stasis
- standing still
- Cells that contain hemoglobin, an iron-containing pigment that binds oxygen in order to transport it to the cells of the body.
- Erythrocytes or Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- The solid, cellular portion of blood. It consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Formed Elements
- The process of forming blood.
- Hematopoiesis
- A group of several different types of cells that provide protection against the invasion of bacteria and other foreign material. They are able to leave the bloodstream and search out the foreign invaders (bacteria, virus, and toxins), where they perform
- Leukocytes or White Blood Cells (WBC)
- The liquid portion of blood containing 90% water. There remaining 10% consists of plasma proteins (serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin), inorganic substances (calcium, potassium, and sodium), organic components (glucose, amino acid
- Plasma
- Cells responsible for the coagulation of blood. These are also called thrombocytes and contain no hemoglobin.
- Platelets
- A protein that is normally found circulating in the bloodstream. It is abnormal this to be in the urine.
- Albumin
- An organic substance found in plasma. It is used by cells to build proteins.
- Amino Acids
- An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones, muscles, and nerves.
- Calcium
- A waste product of muscle metabolism.
- Creatinine
- Lipid molecules transported throughout the body dissolved in the blood.
- Fats
- Blood protein that is essential for clotting to take place.
- Fibrinogen
- Protein component of blood containing antibodies that help to resist infection.
- Gamma Globulin
- One type of protein found dissolved in the plasma.
- Globulins
- The form of sugar used by the cells of the body to make energy. It is transported to the cells in the blood.
- Glucose
- Proteins that are found in plasma. Includes serum albumin, serum globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.
- Plasma Proteins
- An inorganic substance found in plasma. It is important for bones and muscles.
- Potassium
- Clear sticky fluid that remains after the blood has clotted.
- Serum
- An inorganic substance found in plasma.
- Sodium
- A waste product of protein metabolism. It diffuses through the tissues in lymph and is returned to the circulatory system for transport to the kidneys.
- Urea
- Waste product produced from destruction of worn-out red blood cells; disposed of by the liver.
- Bilirubin
- The loss of a cell's nucleus.
- Enucleated
- Iron-containing pigment of red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissue.
- Hemoglobin (Hg)
- Nongranular leukocyte. This is one of the two types of leukocytes found in plasma that are classified as either monocytes or lymphocytes.
- Agranulocyte
- A granulocyte white blood cell that releases histamine and heparin in damaged tissues.
- Basophils
- A granulocyte white blood cell that destroy parasites and increases during allergic reactions.
- Eosinophils
- Granular polymorphonuclear leukocyte. There are three types: neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophil.
- Granulocytes
- An agranulocyte white blood cell that provides protection through the immune response.
- Lymphocytes
- An agranulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis.
- Monocytes
- A granulocyte white blood cell that is important for phagocytosis. It is also the most numerous of the leukocytes.
- Neutrophils
- Disease-bearing organisms.
- Pathogens
- Neutrophil component of the blood; has the ability to ingest and destory bacteria.
- Phagocyte
- The process of engulfing or ingesting material. Several types of white blood cells function by engulfing bacteria.
- Phagocytosis
- Clumping together to form small clusters. Platelets do this to start the clotting process.
- Agglutinate
- Whitish protein formed by the action of thrombin and fibrinogen, which is the basis for the clotting of blood.
- Fibrin
- To stop bleeding or the stagnation of the circulating blood.
- Hemostasis
- Protein element within the blood that interacts with calcium salts to form thrombin.
- Prothrombin
- A clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
- Thrombin
- Also called platelets. Platelets play a critical part in the blood-clotting process by agglutinating into small clusters and releasing thrombokinase.
- Thrombocytes
- Substance released by platelets; reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin.
- Thromboplastin
- The major system of blood typing.
- ABO System
- The blood of one person is different from another's due to the presence of antigens on the surface of the erythrocytes. The major method of this is the ABO system and includes types A, B, O, and AB. The other major type is the Rh factor, consisting of th
- Blood Typing
- An antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons with Rh+ blood.
- Rh factor
- One of the ABO blood types. A person with this type blood makes anti-B antibodies.
- Type A
- One of the ABO blood types. This blood type does not make antibodies against either A nor B blood.
- Type AB
- One of the ABO blood types. A person with this blood type will make anti-A antibodies.
- Type B
- One of the ABO blood types. A person with no markers on his or her RBCs. This blood type will not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Therefore, it is considered the universal donor.
- Type O
- Type O blood is this. It has no markers on the RBC surface, it will not trigger a reaction with anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
- Universal Donor
- A person with type AB blood has no antibodies against the other blood types and therefore, in an emergency, can receive any type of blood.
- Universal Recipient
- This person's RBCs do not have the Rh marker and will make antibodies against Rh+ blood.
- Rh-Negative
- This person's RBCs have the Rh marker.
- Rh-Positive
- Lab test performed before a person receives a blood transfusion; double checks the blood type of both the donor's and recipient's blood.
- Type and Crossmatch
- -algia
- pain
- -cele
- hernia, protrusion
- -cise
- cut
- -dynia
- pain
- -ectasis
- dilatation
- -ectopia
- displacement
- -gen
- that which produces
- -genesis
- produces, generates
- -genic
- producing
- -ia
- state, condition
- -iasis
- abnormal condition
- -ism
- state of
- -itis
- inflammation
- -logist
- one who studies
- -logy
- study of
- -lysis
- destruction
- -malacia
- abnormal softening
- -megaly
- enlargement, large
- -oma
- tumor, mass
- -osis
- abnormal condition
- -pathy
- disease
- -plasia
- development, growth
- -plasm
- formation, development
- -ptosis
- drooping
- -rrhage
- excessive, abnormal flow
- -rrhea
- discharge, flow
- -rrhexis
- rupture
- -sclerosis
- hardening
- -stenosis
- narrowing
- -therapy
- treatment
- -trophy
- nourishment, development
- -uria
- condition of the urine
- Pertaining to
-
-ac
-al
-an
-ar
-ary
-eal
-iac
-ic
-ical
-ile
-ior
-ory
-ose
-ous
-tic - The hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the end result of hemostasis or the blood-clotting process.
- Blood Clot
- When a liquid is converted to a gel or a solid, as in blood coagulation.
- Coagulate
- A general term indicating the presence of a disease affecting blood.
- Dyscrasia
- The process of forming erythrocytes in the red bone marrow.
- Erythropoiesis
- A physisican who specializes in treating diseases and conditions of the blood.
- Hematologist
- The collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a bruise.
- Hematoma
- To stop bleeding or the stagnation of blood flow through the tissues.
- Hemostasis
- A transfusion of only the formed elements and without plasma.
- Packed Cells
- Refers to the mixture of both plasma and formed elements.
- Whole Blood
- A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues.
- Anemia
- Severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red bone marrow. Results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements. Treatment may eventually require a bone marrow transplant.
- Aplastic Anemia
- Condition in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' blood and cause anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. ALSO CALLED HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN.
- Erythroblastosis Fetalis
- An anemia that develops as the result of the excessive loss of erythrocytes.
- Hemolytic Anemia
- -centesis
- puncture to withdraw fluid
- -ectomy
- surgical removal
- -ostomy
- surgically create an opening
- -otomy
- cutting into
- -pexy
- surgical fixation
- -plasty
- surgical repair
- -rrhaphy
- suture
- -gram
- record or picture
- -graph
- instrument for recording
- -graphy
- process of recording
- -meter
- intrument for measuring
- -metry
- process of measuring
- -scope
- instrument for viewing
- -scopy
- process of visually examining
- a-
- without, away from
- an-
- without
- ante-
- before, in front of
- anti-
- against
- auto-
- self
- brady-
- slow
- dys-
- painful, difficult
- endo-
- within, inner
- epi-
- upon, over
- eu-
- normal, good
- hetero-
- different
- homo-
- same
- hydro-
- water
- hyper-
- over, above
- hypo-
- under, below
- infra-
- under, beneath, below
- inter-
- among, between
- intra-
- within, inside
- macro-
- large
- micro-
- small
- neo-
- new
- pan-
- all
- para-
- beside, beyond, near
- per-
- through
- peri-
- around
- post-
- after
- pre-
- before, in front of
- pseudo-
- false
- retro-
- backward, behind
- sub-
- below, under
- super-
- above, excess
- supra-
- above
- tachy-
- rapid, fast
- trans-
- through, across
- ultra-
- beyond, excess
- bi-
- two
- di-
- two
- hemi-
- half
- mono-
- one
- multi-
- many
- nulli-
- none
- poly-
- many
- quad-
- four
- semi-
- partial, half
- tri-
- three
- uni-
- one
- Condition that may develop during pregnancy if the mother is Rh-negative, in which antibodies in the mother's blood enter the fetus' bloodstream, damaging fetal blood cells. Results in anemia, jaundice, edema, and enlargement of the liver and spleen. Als
- Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
- Hereditary blood disease in which blood-clotting time is prolonged. It is transmitted by a sex-linked trait from females to males. It appears almost exclusively in males.
- Hemophilia
- Condition of having too high a level of lipids such as cholesterol in the bloodstream. A risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
- Hyperlipidemia
- Anemia resulting from having insufficient hemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Named because the hemoglobin molecule is responsible for the dark red color of the erythrocytes.
- Hypochromic Anemia
- Anemia that results from having insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin.
- Iron-Deficiency Anemia
- Cancer of the WBC-forming red bone marrow; results in a large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in the blood.
- Leukemia
- Anemia associated with insufficient absorption of vitamin B12 by the digestive system. Vitamin B12 is necessary for erythrocyte production.
- Pernicious Anemia
- Production of too many RBCs by the bone marrow. Blood becomes too thick to easily flow through the blood vessels.
- Polycythemia Vera
- Having bacteria in the bloodstream. Commonly referred to as blood poisoning.
- Septicemia
- A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to hemolytic anemia.
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- A genetic disorder in which the person is unable to make functioning hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.
- Thalassemia
- AHF
- antihemophilic factor
- ALL
- acute lymphocytic leukemia
- AML
- acute myelogenous leukemia
- basos
- basophils
- BMT
- bone marrow transplant
- CBC
- complete blood count
- CLL
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CML
- chronic myelogenous leukemia
- diff
- differential
- eosins, eos
- eosinophils
- ESR, SR, sed rate
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- HCT, Hct, crit
- hematocrit
- HDN
- hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Hgb, Hb, HGB
- hemoglobin
- lymphs
- lymphocytes
- MCV
- mean corpuscular volume
- monos
- monocytes
- PA
- pernicious anemia
- PCV
- packed cell volume
- PMN, polys
- polymorphonuclear neutrophil
- PT, pro-time
- prothrombin time
- RBC
- red blood cell
- Rh+
- Rh-positive
- Rh-
- Rh-negative
- SMAC
- sequential multiple analyzer computer
- WBC
- white blood cell
- Test to measure the amount of time it takes for blood to coagulate.
- Bleeding Time
- Sample of blood is incubated in the laboratory to check for bacterial growth. If bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are sensitive to.
- Blood Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
- Sample of bone marrow is removed by aspiration with a needle and examined for diseases such as leukemia or aplastic anemia.
- Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Blood test that consists of five tests: red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cell differential.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Blood test to determine the rate at which mature blood cells settle out of the blood after the addition of an anticoagulant. This is an indicator of the presence of an inflammatory disease.
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- Blood test to measure the volume of red blood cells within the total volume of blood.
- Hematocrit (HCT,Hct,crit)
- Incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test. Also called venipuncture.
- Phlebotomy
- Blood test to determine the number of platelets in a given volume of blood.
- Platelet Count
- A measure of the blood's coagulation abilities by measuring how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated.
- Prothrombin Time (Pro time, PT)
- Blood test to determine the number of erythrocytes in a volume of blood.
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
- Examination of a specimen of blood for abnormalities in the shape (morphology) of the erythrocytes. Used to determine diseases like sickle cell anemia.
- Red Blood Cell Morphology
- Machine for doing multiple blood chemistry tests automatically.
- Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer (SMAC)
- Blood test to measure the number of leukocytes in a volume of blood.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
- Blood test to determine the number of each variety of leukocytes.
- White Blood Cell Differential (diff)
- Procedure for collecting and storing a patient's own blood several weeks prior to the actual need. It can be used to replace blood lost during a surgical procedure.
- Autologous Transfusion
- Artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream.
- Blood Transfusion
- Patient receives red bone marrow from a donor after the patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy.
- Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT)
- Replacement of blood by transfusion of blood received from another person.
- Homologous Transfusion
- Method of removing plasma from the body without depleting the formed elements. Whole blood is removed and the cells and plasma are separated. The cells are returned to the patient along with a donor plasma transfusion.
- Plasmapheresis
- Prevents blood clot formation.
- Anticoagulant
- Substance that prevents or stops hemorrhaging; a hemostatic agent.
- Antihemorrhagic
- Interferes with the action of platelets. Prolongs bleeding time. Commonly referred to as blood thinners.
- Antiplatelet
- Substance that increases the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
- Hematinic
- Stops the flow of blood; an antihemorrhagic.
- Hemostatic
- Able to dissolve existing blood clots.
- Thrombolytic
- aden/o
- gland
- adenoid/o
- adenoids
- immun/o
- protection
- lymph/o
- lymph
- lymphaden/o
- lymph node
- lymphangi/o
- lymph vessel
- splen/o
- spleen
- thym/o
- thymus