Final
Terms
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- benign
- not dangerous to health - not cancer (not recurrent or progressive (especially of a tumor))
- gestational diabetes
- Form of diabetes that occurs during prenancy
- chemotherapy
- use of chemicals to destroy cancer cells, or slows down thier growth
- defecation
- the elimination of fecal waste through the anus
- biopsy
- the removal of living tissue from the body for diagnostic examination by pathologist
- anticipatory reaction
- chemo patient ussually has this reaction before chemo...
- synthroid
- hormone replacement therapy
- antiemetics
- Medications used to stop vomiting
- NIDDM - type 2
- mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults.., non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus...can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
- sarcoma
- a malignant tumor that grows in bone or muscle tissue -(connective tissue)( one of the four major types of cancer)
- polyuria
- to much urination
- cytoprotectant drug
- drug to protect organs
- Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
- 1. FBS..2. then have to drink sugar & measures glucose at 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hrs after administration of 75 g glucose (diabetic pt 200+mg/dl)
- thyroid hormone
- regulates rate of metabolism
- duodenal ulcers
- An irritation to the lining of the duodenum can lead to duodenal ulcers...usually occur with 1.5 cm of pyloris, combined effect of hypersecretion of acid and rapid emptying of food from the stomach reduces the buffering effect of food and results in a lg acid load in the duodenum, pain occurs 90 mins to 3 hrs after eating; awaknes at night
- plant alkaloids
- come from natural sourses
- marinol
- the medicinal marijuana - contains synthetic THC
- hyperglycemia
- high blood sugar 140 >
- rectal suppository
- drug delivery system that is inserted into the rectum
- proteolytic
- something that breaks down proteins
- melena
- abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding)
- insulin
- PANCREAS; secreted by beta cells; lowers blood glucose levels
- pepsin
- the enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins..
- gastric ulcers
- caused by a break in the mucosal barrier of the stomach,(hydrochloric acid cause irritation of the stomach's lining)... food cuases pain, vomiting relieves it
- diabetes mellitus
- Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that results in hyperglycemia and glycosuris. there are two distinct forms of diabetes mellitus: insulin-dependent or type 1, and non-insulin dependent diabetes,or type 2.
- Hb. A1C--
- nonenzymatic glycosylation of Hb in RBCs; a measure of the average glucose levels over the past 3 months
- psoriasis
- no cure for that desease
- laxatives
- This causes evacuation of the bowel and may be prescribed to correct constipation
- islets of langerhans
- cluster of cells in the pancreas that produces insulin and glucagon.
- Fasting blood sugar-FBS
- blood test to determine the amount of glucose int he blood after fasting for 8 to 10 hours
- neutropenia
- decreased number of neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood
- electrolites
- minerals in body fluid
- hyperosmolar nonketotic coma..HNKC
- life-threatening metabolic condition that occurs in people with type 2 diabetes
- cytotoxic
- destractive to cells...destroy cells
- gastritis
- Inflammation of the stomach...nausea and loss of appetite and discomfort after eating
- cell differentiation
- process of taking cells and making them specialized into nerve, muscle, bone cells
- mydriatics
- drugs that cause pupils to dilate
- nadir
- lowest weakest point
- Palliation
- form of cancer chemotherapy intended to relieves symptoms rather than cure the disease
- nits
- lice eggs
- oncology
- study of tumors (cancer)
- histamine
- amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
- amount of vitamin or mineral needed each day to avoid a deficiency in a healthy adult
- glycogen
- glucose that is not used right away and is stored in the liver and muscles as a starch substance
- neoplasm
- tumor or new growth
- insulin- onset; peakl; duration
- fast actin; intermediate acting
- antimetabolites
- chemo drug, Fluorouracil (5-FU, Adrucil, others)/Methotrexate (Amethopterin, others)
- hypoglycemia
- abnormally low level of sugar in the blood < 60
- remission
- symptom free perriod
- lente
- slowly
- urticaria
- hives
- secondary diabetes
- from steroids, TPN, other meds
- enema
- injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation
- sigmoidoscopy
- examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
- cathartics
- Laxatives
- cancer
- CA
- antineoplastic drugs
- any of several drugs that control or kill neoplastic cells---used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells; all have unpleasant side effects that may include nausea and vomiting and hair loss and suppression of bone marrow function
- lorazepam
- tranquilizer (trade name Ativan) used to treat anxiety and tension and insomnia
- malignant
- dangerous to health-cancer (characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor))
- occult blood
- hidden blood
- pruritis
- itching
- hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia.
- symptoms of DM
- thrombocytopenia
- decrease in platelet count... produces bleeding in many small blood vessels throughout the body...bleed out
- diarrhea
- frequent and watery bowel movements
- gastric acid hydlocloric acid-HCl)
- decrease stomach pH-made in stomach
- vesicant
- a chemical agent that causes blistering; highly toxic; dangerouse to the tissue
- proton pump inhibitors
- inhibit gastric secretion by inhibiting the gastric acid pump of stomach's parietal cells, used to treat severe esophagitis, GERD, gastric and duodenal ulcers
- TPN
- total parenteral nutrition, Intravenous TPN solution typically contain sugar (dextrose), proteins (amino acids), electrolytes (sodium potassium, chloride), and vitamins
- NPH insulin
- cloudy
- polydipsia
- excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
- scopolamine
- used to prevent nausea and vomiting from motion sickness...transdermal patch
- mucositis
- The epithelial lining of the digestive tract become inflamed...inflammation of the inner lining of an organ
- dermatatis
- inflamation of the skin
- antipruitics
- for rushes, poison ivy, hives, insect bites
- pyloric spincter
- Ring of muscle located between the stomach and the duedenum; controls food entry into the duodenum
- Random blood sugar
- test blodd for sugar right now
- alkylating agents
- chemo drug that messes up the DNA, so cancer cell can't reproduce...or kills the cell
- metastasis
- process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ (cancer cells has spread to another location)
- stomatitis
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth
- colonoscopy
- a flexible fiberscope passed throught the anus, rectum, and colon is used to examine the upper protion of the colon
- cell cycle specific
- in hospital for 1 week IV; chemotherapy
- leukopenia
- decrease in WBC - below 5000
- 2. hr. post prandial (2 hr PP)
- test blood sugar 2 hr. after meal
- fecal impaction
- a collection of hardened feces in the rectum or colon
- peristalsis
- process by which food moves along digestive tract
- chemotherapy should be
- 3 weeks apart
- antihistamine
- benedryl
- erythema
- red
- cell cycle nonspecific
- not hospitalized
- acid reflux
- backflow of acid through cardiac sphincter, damages the esophagus
- immunosuppressive
- suppression of the immune system...result in increased susceptebility to infection...
- proliferating
- reproducting rapidly
- H. pylori
- a bacteria that may cause inflammation of the stomach lining and peptic ulcers in some people.
- IDDM - type 1
- insulin dependent diabetes...characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
- Scurvy
- deficiency of vitamin C
- zofran
- nausea and vomiting (ondansetron)
- polyphasia
- hungreness
- pancreas
- produce the hormones insulin and glucagon which control the level of glucose in the blood
- antitumor antibiotics
- for specific cancer
- alopecia
- hair loss
- Miotics
- drugs that cause pupil to contract
- regular insulin
- clear
- antacids
- neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relive gastritis and ulcer pain...substances that decrease the ph levels of acids and bases
- hormones and hormone inhibitor
- sabstitute; and opposite hormones
- anemia (HB)
- reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood: results in less oxygen reaching the tissues
- bowel
- the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus...part of the intestine ...
- peptic ulcer disease
- a sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices; commonly caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria (pept/=to digest)
- carcinoma
- any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue (one of the four major types of cancer)
- diabetic ketoacidosis- DKA
- common ptoentially life threathing. potential causes inclulde incorrect or missed insulin doses, improporly aministered insulin doses, illness, trauma, surgery
- endoscopy
- visual examination of the interior of a hollow body organ by use of an endoscope