The Human Body-vocab
Terms
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- abdominal quadrants
- four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury
- RUQ
- Right upper quadrant
- LUQ
- left upper quadrant
- RLQ
- Right lower quadrant
- LLQ
- left lower quadrant
- acetabulum
- the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint
- acromioclavicular joint
- the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
- acromion process
- the highest portion of the shoulder
- alveoli
- the microscopic sac of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
- anatomical position
- the standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is standing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides, and palms of hand forward
- anatomy
- the study of body structure
- anterior
- the front of the body or body part
- aorta
- the largest artery in the body, transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
- appendix
- a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. the function of it is not well understood. Its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain.
- arteriole
- the smallest kind of artery
- artery
- any blood vessel carrying blood AWAY from the heart
- atria
- the two upper chambers of the heart.
- right atrium
- receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body
- left atrium
- receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
- automaticity
- the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
- autonomic nervous system
- the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor function
- bilateral
- on both sides
- blood pressure
- the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of the blood vessels, usually arteriole blood pressure (the pressure in an artery) is measured
- brachial artery
- artery of the upper arm, site of the pulse checked during infant CPR
- bronchi
- the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs, there are left and right bronchi, singular bronchus
- calcaneus
- the heel bone
- capillary
- a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place
- cardiac conduction system
- a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
- cardiac muscle
- specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
- cardiovascular system
- the system made up of the heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular)aka circulatory system
- carotid arteries
- the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head
- carpals
- the wrist bones
- central nervous system
- the brain and spinal cord (CNS)
- central pulses
- the carotid and femoral pulses which can be felt in the central part of the body
- clavicle
- collarbone
- coronary arteries
- blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
- myocardium
- muscle of the heart
- cranium
- the top, back and sides of the skull
- cricoid cartilage
- the ring-shaped structure that forms the lower of the larynx
- dermis
- the inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis
- diaphragm
- the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, major muscle for respiration
- diastolic blood pressure
- the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
- digestive system
- system by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable forms
- distal
- farther away from the torso
- dorsal
- referring to the back of the hand or the back of the hand or foot, synonym for posterior
- dorsalis pedis artery
- artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendons of the big toe
- endocrine system
- system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
- epidermis
- the outer layer of skin
- epiglottis
- a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from the trachea
- epinephine
- a hormone produced by the body, As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.
- exhalation
- a passive process which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphram relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs.
- femoral artery
- the major artery supplying the leg
- femur
- the large bone of the thigh
- fibula
- the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
- Fowler's position
- a sitting position
- gallbladder
- a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
- humerus
- the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow
- hypoperfusion
- inadequate perfusion of the cell and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries
- ilium
- the superior and widest portion of the pelvis
- inferior
- away from the head, usually compared to another structure that is closer to the head e.g. the lips are inferior to the nose
- inhalation
- an active process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphram contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs
- insulin
- a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
- ischium
- the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
- involuntary muscle
- muscle that responds automatically to bring signals but cannot be consciously controlled
- joint
- the point where two bones come together
- large intestine
- the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and removes anything not absorbed by the body towards excretion from the body
- larynx
- the voice box
- lateral
- to the side, away from the midline of the body
- ligament
- tissue that connects bone to bone
- liver
- the largest organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
- lung
- the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place
- malleolus
-
protrusion on the side of the ankle, the lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen at the outer ankle
the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia is seen in the inner ankle. - mandable
- the lower jaw bone
- manubrium
- the superior portion of the sternum
- maxillae
- the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
- medial
- toward the midline of the body
- metacarpals
- the hand bones
- metatarsals
- the foot bones
- mid-axillary line
- a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
- mid-clavicular line
- the line through the center of each clavical
- midline
- an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into left and right halves
- muscle
- tissue that can contract that allows movement to a body part
- musculoskeletal system
- the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
- nasal bones
- the nose bones
- nasopharynx
- the area directly posterior to the nose
- nervous system
- the system of brain, spinal cord and nerves that govern sensation, movement and though
- orbits
- the bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets
- oropharynx
- the area directly posterior to the mouth
- palmer
- referring to the palm of the hand
- pancreas
- a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and produces juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine
- patella
- knee cap
- pelvis
- the basin shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
- perfusion
- the supply of oxygen to and removal of waste from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
- peripheral nervous system
- the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord.
- peripheral pulses
- the radial, brachial, posterior tibial pulses and dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral points of the body
- phalanges
- the toe and finger bones
- pharynx
- the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose; made up of the oropharynx and nasopharynx
- physiology
- the study of body function
- plane
- a flat surfaced formed when slicing through a solid object
- plantar
- referring to the sole of the foot
- plasma
- the fluid portion of the blood
- platelets
-
clot forming cells
part of the rbc "the donut hole of the donut" - posterior
- the back of the body or body part
- posterior tibial artery
- artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
- prone
- laying facedown
- proximal
- closer to the torso
- pubis
- the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
- pulmonary arteries
- the vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
- pulmonary veins
- the vessels that carry oxygenated from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
- pulse
- the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
- radial artery
- artery of the lower arm, felt when taking the pulse from the wrist
- radius
- the lateral bone of the forearm
- recovery position
- lying on the side, also called lateral recumbent position
- red blood cells
- components of the blood, carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells
- respiratory system
- the system of nose, mouth,throat, lungs and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide
- scapulla
- shoulder blade
- shock
- hypoperfusion; inadequate circulation of blood through one or more organs or structures
- skeleton
- bones of the body
- skin
- largest organ in the body
- skull
- the bony structure of the head
- small intestine
- the muscular tube betweent the stomach and large intestine, divided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion, nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls
- spleen
- an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood
- sternum
- breast bone
- stomach
- muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins
- subcutaneous layers
- the layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis
- superior
- toward the head
- supine
- lying on the back
- systolic blood pressure
- the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation, top number
- tarsals
- ankle bones
- tendon
- tissue that connects muscle to bone
- thorax
- the chest
- tibia
- the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
- torso
- the trunk of the body; the body without the head and extremities
- trachea
- the windpipe; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
- Trendelenburg Position
- a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head; also called shock position
- ulna
- the medial bone of the forearm
- valve
- a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction
- vein
- any blood vessels returning blood to the heart
- venae cavae
- the superior and inferior venae cavae; two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium.
- ventral
- referring to the front of the body, anterior
- ventricles
- the two lower chambers of the heart, rt (sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and lf ventricle (sends oxygen rich blood to the body)
- venule
- the smallest kind of vein
- vertebrae
- the 33 bones of the spinal column
- voluntary muscle
- muscle that can be consciously controlled
- white blood cells
-
helps fight infection
produces antibodies - xyphoid
- inferior portion of the sternum
- zygomatic arches
- form of the structures of the cheeks
- Spinal Column
-
cervical 7 bones
thoracic 12 bones
lumbar 5 bones
sacrum 5 bones
coccyx 4 bones - High Fowler
- 90 degree sitting position
- 3 types of muscle
-
cardiac
smooth
skeletal - carina
- where the trachea biforcates
- Number of Lobes on each side of the lungs?
-
3 on the right
2 on the left (room for the heart) - Symptoms of inadequate breathing
-
use of accessory muscles-retractions
needing effort to breath
pale
cyanotic/circumcyanosis
cool, clammy
agonal respirations
pursed lips
shallow quick breaths -
PUMP
FLUID
CONTAINER -
Heart
Blood
vessels - Top 3 organs necessary for life
-
heart
brain
kidneys - # of chambers in heart
- 4
- Why are the muscles thicker on the bottom of the heart?
- to pump the blood to the feet
- Which part of the heart contracts first?
- Atrium
- PEA
-
pulseless electrical activity
when the heart's electrical activity is functioning but the mechanical part is not. There is no pulse. Asthma is often the cause of PEA. - asystolic, astylole
- flatline, no electrical activity in the heart
- Do veins or arteries have valves?
- Veins-needed to push the blood back to the heart
- parts of the skin
-
epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous