Psych. Quiz 3/mid adult
Terms
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copy deck
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What does skin lose as we age?
or
Why do wrinkles happen? - Elasticity
- What happens to the epidermus as we age?
- The outer surface(epidermus) becomes thinner
- Why does the epidermus break down?
- The elastin and colagen fibers break down
- Define Middle age? Ages?
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35/45- 55/65 =ages
the gap depends on researchers -
T/F
Lifestyle when younger greatly impacts you when older? - True
- Name 3 reasons for wrinkles?
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1) skin loses elasticity
2) The subcataneous fat layer under epidermis begins to diminish
3)damaging U.V. Light/ Sun -
After 9/11 what was the % increase in plastic surgery in New York?
Why? -
400%
Rooted in the need for psych. control in their environment - BMR plateau's at what age?
- 30-40
- What are the peak obesity ages in m/f?
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m=45-54
f= 54-65 - T/F after age 60, even more after 65 people tend to lose weight because of muscle lose?
- True
- Where do rods and cones live?
- in the retina of the eye
- rods/ cones are sensitive to light, what are each responsible for?
-
Rods= Black and white
Cones= color - T/F as we age rods and cones become more efficient?
- False
- Define cataracts?
- Clouding (opacity) of the lense of the eye
- what causes the opacity of cataractes?
- As celss die and regenerate a sediment is left behind thus clouding the eye/ lense also loses elasticity as we age
- Dfine Macualr degeneration?
- A painless condition that is progressive that causes genereal lose of vision
- Give 2 factors of Macular degeneration?
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1)Highly genetic
2)High corelation (80-90%) between macular degen. and smoking - Define Glaucoma?
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Disease of middle age that is painless and causes loss of sight.
Treatable not curable- the faster you catch it the better - What causes glaucoma?
- A build up of humor Aqueous in the eye puts pressure on the optic nerve causing irreperaperable damage to the optic nerve and the retina
- What is the leading cause of blindness in middle age and elderly?
- Claucoma
- What is the first sign of Glaucoma?
- Loss of peripheral vision
- Is glaucoma largely hereditary?
- Yes
- What does the macula of eye do, and where is it located?
- Located towards the center of the retina and it distinguishes fine detail
- What does the body secret during stress?Two things
- Cortisol and adrnakline
- How does cortisol effect the body?
- Tires the body
- Define Arterial Sclerosis
- A general hardening of the arteries
- 3 stressto CV sysytem with age?
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1-BP goes up with age
2-HR decreaese
3-Bloodvessles thicken - What is the leading cause of death in middle age?
- Caerdiovascular diseae
- What is the leading cause of CV disease in middle age?
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Name 2 factors effecting the CV system in middle age?
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1- Alveoli become less elastic
2- respitory efficiency decline 25% in middl;e age - Define climateric? Males
- Declining amount of testosterone is produced
- Define Climateric in females?
- Gradual period where menstration becomes irregularbefore ceasing
- T/F Climateric happens in both males and females?
- True
- Name 4 things that the physio can cause in the psych?
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1-Irratability
2-anxiety
3-depression (always follows loss)
4-Lability(mood swings/ affect) - Mood swings are to climate as affect is to weather- t/f?
- True
- what makes psycho therapy possible?
- Metacognition
- Define metacognition?
- Ability to monitor your own thought process/ need for introspection
- Give 5 basic memory time lines?
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1-Immediate=30 seconds
2-short term= 1.5 -3 minutes
3-recent= 4-6 days
4-remote=6 months
5- long term= over 6 months - Another name for short term memory?
- working memory
- 4 factos of short term memory?
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1-tempory storage
2-first place to experience problems
3- basicall recal 7 items +/- 2
4- Math in head= working memory -
What is it called when I seperate a group of numbers with a hyphen like
379-6644 - chunking
- general rule of thumb in regards to memeeory?
- Use it or lose it
- where is the sub-conscience located?
- in long term memory
- 3 factors of long term memory
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1-permanent and lasting
2-can last a lifetime
3- even with diseae and injury long term stays and shrot term goes -
reconition =?
recall- ? -
prompting
no prompting - What 3 things help us remember?
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1-strenghth of original memory
2-importance of the material/ contexts
3-personal desire to retain info - define encapsulation?
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accumulation of knowledge in a small/ specific area
narrowing focus - define expertise?
- encapsulation leads to expertise/ Intelligence in and area we find important to us/ narrows further
- what is Erikson's 2 points of psychosocial development?
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1- interpersonal relationships in family
2- career development - What is Eriksons stage being worked with in middle age?
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- what is the crisis that needs to be resolved?
- care
- What specific crisis do most people have to deal with?
- Genrativity/ caring for the parents and own children
- Name 3 factors of stagnation
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1- Ego centric
2- Self-indulgent/ give to themselves and not to others
3-self absorbed - ages of midlife crisis?
- 35-45 years old
- what is the main thought in midlife crisis?
- people are concerned with future accomplishments related to what they haven't accomplished yet
- t/f a higher awarenes of physical changes impacts the psyche
- true
- t/f usually triggered by conflict or disruption in life?
- true
- give 2 perspectives on midlife crisis?
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1=some say it is inevitable
2=others say it's a myth and it's like anyother stage in life with transitions and challenges - Is midlife worse than an adolescent crisis?
- Yes/ harder/perspectives change/shift from birth to death that can generate hopelessness
- midlife crisis is connected to? in m/f's
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m=career
f=arounf family - What are Cytrynbaum's 4 points of phsych adjustments?
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1-people have to accept mortality
2-have to accept biological limits
3-accept self conception
4-need to reaccess career & relationship - What are Peck's 3 points of psych adjustments
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1-value wisdom more then physical
2-take socializing over sexualizing in relationship
3-atachments need to be more flexible -
What are Costa and McCrae's Big 5?
Personality dimensions -
1-neuroticism
2-Extraversion
3-Openness( to experience)
4- Agreeableness
5- Conscientiousness - What are the 2 different ranges of Neuroticism?
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1- Being calm, comfortable, stable
vs.
2-Worried, anxious, or self-conscious - Define Extraversion?
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reserved, quiet, passive
vs.
affectionate, active, outgoing - Define openness- to experience?
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grounded, conventional, conservative
vs.
imaginative, creative, liberal - Define Agreeableness?
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Stingy, antagonistic, irritable
vs.
generous, trusting, good natured - Define conscientious?
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irresponsible, disorganized
vs.
ambitious, persevering, industrious - 3 characteristics of Costa and McCrae's personality dimension?
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1-all changeable situation depending
2-most are latenet- not observable
3-traits are strable but vary in diff. situations - t/f self concept at 30 will most likely be different when 80 regardless of natrure/nurture
- false
- t/f Maslow's self actualization gives the opportunity to put personality into practice
- true
- what are the 4 needs of self actualization?
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1- becoming everything we are capable
2- ego maturity/ seeing other perspective/ self confidence
3- exercising potential
4-free from everyday worries- financial, survival, work, family - 4 things that block potential?
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1-sexual relationships
2-getting education
3-career
4-marriage and parenthood - 4 traits of self- self actualization?`
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1- introspective
2- lack enxiety/ rational detachment
3- Independent creativity-original
4-accurate self concept - 4 more traits od self actualization?
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1- stable values
2- appreciate diversity
3- Accepting reality
4-warm meaningful relationship - 2 more traits of self actualization?
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1-Insight of whats important
2-being able to solve problems - Define psychosomatic illness?
- how the mind affects the body- hypertension, ulcers, headaches, sexual dysfunction, heart disease
- t/f no relaxation is needed to minimize stress?
- false
- Define General adaptation syndrome?
- A persons physio. changes when under physical or emotional stress.
- Name 3 stages of Gen. Adaptation syn?
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1-Alarm reaction
2- Resistence
3-exhautsion - 3 responses to Alarm reaction?
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1- fight of flight/ sympathetic nervous system
2-defenses prepare in this stage
3- All hormones get activated- epinephrine/ cortisol/ adrenaline - what happens during resistence stage?
- energy gets up/ metabolism up/ can be present for long time without significant health problems
- what happens during exhaustion stage?
- Counter reaction by nervous system/ parasympathetic nervous sys. get activated/ can cause irreparable damages
- Define sandwich "squeeze" generation?
- taking care of parents and taking care of kids
- give 2 factors relting to the conflicting needs of parents and children?
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1- financial demands- retirement vs. college
2- kids want to be socially independent but not financially independent - Define generation gap?
- differences between values, attitudes, behaviors, and belief's in different generations
- Name the contradicting area's of agrrement?
- Tend to be around fundamental values-education-career-religion-
- t/f areas of disagreement are short lived?
- true/ music/language/ style
- what effects the gen. gap?2 things
- media/ peers
- T/F because core values stay the same some believe the gen. gap is a myth
- true/ attribute to zeitgeist and based in individual perception
- Gen. Gap is more a matter of _____ vs. ____ rather then ____ vs. _____
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new===old
young=== old - What is the upside of the emptynest syndrome?
- Upswing hypothesis
- what is the the hallmark of the upswing hypothesis?
- parents have a new sense of freedom
- t/f parents that encourage autonomous children experience less empty nest?
- true
- t/f parents that are dissatisfied will reflect back o unresloved issues because once kids are gone so is sense of purpose?
- true
- t/f negative emptynest will end in divorce?
- true
- Define full nest syndrome?
- Kids don't leave house
- Why is Full nest syn. an increasing demographic trend? 4 things
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1- financial reasons
2-can't afford to live away
3-postpone marriage
4- lonliness - Fullnest is largely an american phenomonon, causes what 3 stresses?
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1-financial
2-physical space
3-activaities of daily livilng - Name 4 types of marital types?
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1-Devitalized
2-total/vital
3-passive/ congenial
4- conflict habituated - define devitalized?
- Couple becomes perfunctary/ dull boring/ prosaic
- define total/ vital?
- spontaneous/ share everything/ happy
- define passive/ congenial?
- no romance but people share common interest
- define conflict habituated?
- live in constant tension ending in codependent dysfunctional relationships
- Name 6traits of an enduring( 10-20 year) marriage?
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1-Adaptability- work through changes with flexibility and compromise
2-trust/confidence 3-sense of permanance 4-interdependence
5-personality factors( sense of humor)
6- a degree of luck - 2 hallmarks of sexual activity in middle adult?
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1-frequency declines due to ;oss of desire
2-enjoyment can go up due to familiarity with partner - t/f U.S. has the highest rate of remarriage?
- true- and chances of divorce goes uo in all renariages
- t/f divorces tend to happen in the first1.5 years of a remarriage?
- False 3 years
- T/F people tend to marry the same type of person as last marriage?
- true
- What is the % of divorce rate in remarriage when kids are involved?
- 50%
- what agges can kids best adjust to remarriage?
- 9-16 years old
- T/F If a couple is yound and can ID what needs to be fixed they have a shot?
- true
- define Blended family?
- Brady bunch-taking 2 families and making 1 family
- why do blended families have problems?
- because children have adjustment issues
- 4 types of adjustment issues for kids in blended family?
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1-Ambiguous roles
2-comples kin relationships
3-Financial obligations
4-Loyalty issues - T/F hardest adjustment is in the first three years?
- true
- Define career maintenance phase?
- People are no longerclimbing career ladder/ plateau
- define career clock?
- Mostly a social clock, a subjective sense of being where you think you should be by a certain age/ if on time satisfied/ if behind=disatisfied
- name 3 types of employee stress?
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1-alienation-person feels like he doesn't belong
2-Burnout
3- Sexual harssment - define Burnout employee stress/ 4 things?
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1-depleated of enthusiasm
2-lacks resorces to make a difference
3-expectations are unfulfilled
4-can go against status - Define Sexual harassment?
- Unwanted sexual advances either verbal or physical
- name 2 ways sexual harassment can happen?
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1-Quid pro Quo- sleep for promotion
2- hostile environment - name 5 reasons to change career?
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1-don'tr like the nature of the work
2-better pay or social recognition
3-obsolete industry
4-Down sizing
5-Change in family situation - 9 out of 10 times people return to work for .....?
- want better job/ vocational purposes
- why do many adults shy away from going back to school?
- fear of unknown
- T/F Most adults who return back to school benefit psychologically?
- true
- t/f middle age are more prone to unemployment because of higher salaries?
- true
- 4 stages unemployment?
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1-relief/relaxation
2-concerted effort
3- Vacillation/self doubt
4-malaise/cynacism