European History 2
Terms
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- What was the Avignon Papacy, when did it take place?
- 1309-1337 when all seven popes lived in Avignon
-
When was the Battle of Agincourt?
Who won, and due to what? -
October, 25, 1415, part of the hundred years war
The English introduced the long bow -
What the Great Schism divided:
The cause of the Schism: -
Christianity into Catholicism and Greek-Byzantine Eastern Orthodoxy
Disputes over papal authority -
The 1st estate:
The 2nd estate:
The 3rd estate: -
-Church (clergy = those who prayed
-Nobility (those who fought = knights)
-Peasantry (everyone else)
**Women=classified differently -
Erasmus lived from:
He wanted a _ within the church, not a schism.
He was rejected by: -
(1466-1536)
Reform
Catholics, Protestants - Erasmus was famous for writing what:
- The 95 theses against indulgences
- St. Augustine emphasized what, and how did he die?
-
After a dramatic conversion to Christianity, he Emphasized man's need for grace.
Viewed as a heretic, hanged on the orders of Thomas Cromwell -
John Calvin did what:
-What did he make Geneva: -
In 1532, allied himself with the Protestant reformation.
-The "Rome of Protestantism" - Leo X was known primarily for his failure to:
- Stem the Protestant Movement
- Indulgence:
- The remission of the temporal punishment due to God for sin
- Predestination:
- The belief that G-d has predetermined the people who will go to heaven & hell.
- Faith:
- Acceptance of ideals which are not demonstrable through experimentation/reason.
-
Henry VIII lived from:
Married 6 times; what happened to 2 of these wives? -
(1491–1547)
"divorced" by execution
*of the Tudor Dynasty, wielded great power -
John Knox lived from:
He is widely regarded as: -
(1514–1572)
As the father of the Protestant Reformation (Calvanist) in Scotland -
Servetus lived from:
What were his occupations? -
(1511–1553)
Theologian, physician and humanist -
Johann Tetzel lived from:
He sold___
-He raised money for the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in what year: -
-(1465-1519)
-Indulgences
-1517 (inspired Martin Luther to write thesis) - What was the purpose of the Inquisition?
-
To seek out heretics, convert some, kill others
(If possible, save heretic's soul.. if not, keep him from endangering others) -
Paul III lived from:
He perceived the need for: -
(1534-1549)
Change
***PAPAL BULL*** -
Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Founded by:
Used what to achieve its goals: -
Ignatius Loyola
Education
*CATHOLIC REFORMATION* - Due to his injuries in battle, Ignatius Loyola wrote what book?
- The Spiritual Exercises
-
Marco Polo was Venetian, and one of the first Westerners to travel the _ Road to _
He wrote the book: -
Silk, China
Il Milione -
Diaz (1450-1500)
Discovered what in 1488: - A way to get around the Cape of Good Hope
- Da Gama: A portuguese explorer who led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope, 1497 to find what?
- The 1st water route to India
-
Columbus sailed in what year?
From Where? - 1492, Spain..
-
Magellan:
What was he? -
(1480-1521)
A Portuguese navigator, circumnavigated the world -
The 30 years war was fought from _ to _.
Where did it principally occur?
It stemmed from a conflict between: -
1618-1648
The Holy Roman Empire
Catholics, protestants -
The Spanish Armada was whose attempt to restore what in England?
In what year was Spain the most powerful nation? -
Phillip, catholicism
1585 -
The Armada consisted of how many vessels, and how many returned?
What did this do for England? -
160, 17
Empowered it, made it leader of the seas - Absolutism:
- Ultimate authority in the state rests in the hands of a king
- Richelieu
- French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XII.