MWHfinal
Terms
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- league of nations
- international association after WWI with goal of keeping peace
- Francisco Franco
- Spain's fascist dictator
- Pankhurst and WSPU
- militant organization for women's suffrage
- Erwin Rommel
- German general who led the Afrika Korps in North Africa
- Fascism
- militant political movement emphasized loyalty to state and its leader
- water frame
- (Richard Arkwright 1769) used water power to drive spinning wheel
- isolationism
- belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided
- Battle of Coral Sea
- US stopped Japan's southward advance
- Operation Barbarossa
- Hitler's plan to invade Russia; set up bases in Balkans
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- German philosopher who influenced existentialists; wrote that Western ideas stifled creativity; focused on ancient heroic values
- demilitarization
- disbanding the Japanese armed forces
- Marshall Plan
- US program of economic aid to euro countries to help them rebuild after WWII
- Dawes Plan
- $200 million loan from American banks to stabilize German economy
- self-determination
- one of the 14 points; allow people to decide what govt they want
- Luftwaffe
- German air force
- Darwin
- theory of evolution, challenged fundamental beliefs, etc.
- boxer rebellion
- 1900 revolt in china to end foreign influence
- crop rotation
- rotate type of crop planted in one area to keep nurtients in soil (corn one season, then...wheat..then...rice...)
- "Jewel in the Crown"
- British colony of India (supplier of raw materials & british goods)
- imperialism
- strong nation seeks to dominate other country politically/economical/socially
- Surrealism
- art movement linking the world of dreams with real life; inspired by Freud's ideas
- Amelia Earhart
- American pilot; first woman to fly solo across Atlantic
- Reform Bill of 1832
- ease property requirements allowing middle-class suffrage
- Meiji era
- 1807-1912 Japanese history when country ruled by Emperor Mutsunito
- Zionists/zionism
- movement founded in 1890s to promote establishment of jewish homeland in Palestine
- Battle of Midway
- turned the tide of war in Pacific
- treaty of versailles
- peace treaty signed by Germany and allies after WII
- aftermath of WWII
- Europe in ruins, millions died, bombing destroyed cities, countryside destroyed, displaced people left homeless
- antisemitism
- hatred for Jews; key part in Nazi ideology; blamed Jews for troubles after WWI
- James Joyce
- Irish-born author; used stream-of-consciousness in novel Ulysses
- Karl Marx
- (German Journalist) introduced Marxism
- island hop
- MacArthur's plan to get past Japanese strongholds; seize islands not well defended but close to Japan
- D-Day
- (June 6, 1994) "Operation Overlord"; largest land and sea attack in history; Allied invasion of Normandy
- collective farms
- large government controlled farms formed by combining many smaller farms (who knew)
- factors of production
- land, labor, capital (wealth)
- the long march
- Chinese communists surrounded; forced to fled and take 6000 mile journey (that really IS a long march!)
- trench warfare
- form of warfare where opposing armies fight from trenches in the battle field
- Battle of Britain
- Luftwaffe bombed British cities; British resistance during battle forced Hitler to call off attacks
- five-year plans
- plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy
- Pearl Harbor
- (Dec. 7, 1941) Japanese attack on US fleets stationed in Hawaii; prompted US to declare war on Japan and its Axis allies
- Douglas MacArthur
- commander of Allied forces in Pacific
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- American general; commander of enormous force in Europe
- Final Solution
- Hitler's plan of genocide
- lebensraum
- means "living space"; Hitler's idea that Germany needed to expand.
- Franz Kafka
- Czech-born; eerie novels feature people caught in threatening situations
- Munich Conference
- meeting held in Munich to keep the peace; Hitler gained Sudetenland as a result
- Nuremberg Laws
- restrictions on Jews; denied German citizenship and intermarrying with non-Jews
- maori
- member of polynesian ppl in New Zealand around AD 800
- Axis Powers
- Germany, Italy, and Japan
- Pasteur
- germ theory of disease; heat kills bacteria; pasteurization
- pogroms
- organized violence against Jews by Russians
- Albert Einstein
- German-born physicist; offered new ideas on space, time, energy, and matter
- iron curtain
- during the cold war, the coundary separating the communist nations of eastern surope from the mostly democratic nations of western europe
- Hitler Youth
- indoctrinate children to educate them as good German citizens; very militaristic
- Sigmund Freud
- Austrian physician; believed human behavior is irrational (unconscious)
- Adolf Hitler
- German Nazi dictator during World War II
- Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- atomic bombs dropped on both Japanese cities killing thousands; Japan's surrender followed
- Nazism
- policies formed German brand of fascism
- Mohandas K. Gandhi
- peaceful guy, all about non-violence, inspired good changes, leader of the independence movement, combined ideas from all major religions, Mahatma, or "great soul"
- Lister
- surgical wards cleaned; use of antiseptics
- Third Reich
- Hitler's German Empire
- spinning mule
- (Samuel Cromptch 1779) made stronger finer thread more consistantly
- T.S. Eliot
- American poet in England; described postwar world as a barren wasteland drained of hope and faith
- panama canal
- human name waterway connecting Atlantic and Pacific 1914
- home rule
- control over internal manners granted to residents of region by gvt.
- taiping rebellion
- mid 19th century rebellion against Quing Dynasty
- kamikazes
- Japanese suicide pilots
- catholic emancipation act of 1829
- restored many rights to Catholics in Ireland
- 38th parallel
- its the line on the 38th north lat that separates north and south (thanks kat!)
- Aborigines
- native ppl of Australia
- Nuremberg Trials
- Nazi leaders put on trial and charged with waging war of aggression
- Charles de Gaulle
- set up government-in-exile in London after France fell
- socialism
- economic system in which factors of production owned by public and operate for welfare of all
- roosevelt corollary
- 1904 extension of Monroe Doctrine declared US public power
- paris peace conference
- the Big Four meet; discuss peace after WWI; 14 points
- anti-semitism
- prejudice against jews (to be anti-semetic is to be anti-christian [religion test])
- Calais
- make-believe army attacked this city to distract Hitler from the armies mobilizing for D-Day
- Treaty of Locarno
- France and Germany agreed not to make war and to respect borders of France and Belgium; Germany admitted to League of Nations
- Operation Torch
- US forced Germany out of Africa
- fourteen points
- series of proposals where Wilson outlined plan for keeping peace between countries after WWII
- Cultural Revolution
- 1966-1976 uprising in China led by the Red Guards with goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal
- spinning jenny
- (James Hargreaves) allowed spinner to work 8 threads at a time
- Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact
- countries pledged to renounce war as instrument of national policy
- Charles Lindbergh
- American pilot in 33-hour flight from New York to Paris
- cotton gin
- (Eli Whitney 1793) multiplied amount of cotton cleaned
- Franklin Roosevelt
- first president after Depression; sought to restore American faith in its nation
- unrestricted submarine warfare
- use of submarines to sink ships without warning
- suffrage
- (1830 Protests held for...) right to VOTE
- Salt march
- a peaceful protest against the Salt Acts in 1930 in India in which Gandhi led his followers on a 240 mile walk to the sea where they made their own salt from evaporated sea water (POWER TO THE PEOPLE)
- nonaggression pact
- agreement between Germany and Russia never to attack each other
- macadam roads
- (John McAdam) roads with layered stone to drain water layered with crushed rock on top
- National Government
- British response to Depression; multiparty coalition passed tariffs, increased taxes, and regulated currency
- russo-jap war
- 1904-1905 conflict between russia and japan over manchuria and korea
- great famine
- potato crop failure in Ireland. many Irish died, starved, immigrated (no more potato chips)
- dominion status
- nation allowed to govern own domestic affairs
- Aryans
- Germanic people seen as the master race
- great purge
- a campaign of terror in the soviet union during the 1930s in which Joseph Stalin (scary guy) sought to eliminate all communist party members and other citizens who threatened his power
- genocide
- systematic killing of an entire people
- coalition government
- temporary alliance of several parties to form a parliamentary majority
- collapse of US economy
- uneven distribution of wealth, overproduction of businesses and agriculture, credit debt
- Isoroku Yamamoto
- Japan's greatest naval strategist called for attack on US fleet in Hawaii
- extraterritorial rights
- exemption of foreign residents from laws of country
- chartist movement
- in 19th century britain members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men
- Battle of El Alamein
- Montgomery sent to aid British forces in North Africa; Rommel and forces fell back
- William Butler Yeats
- Irish poet; wrote "The Second Coming" about dark times ahead
- suez canal
- human made waterway opened 1869 that connected Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
- geopolotics
- foreign policy based on consideration of strategic location/products of lands
- Dreyfus Affair
- Captain Alfred Dreyfus, Jewish officer found guilty of treason on false evidence (b/c he was jewish)
- monroe doctrine
- U.S. policy of opposition to Euro interference in Latin America
- Marconi
- first radio
- Edison
- light bulb, research laboratory
- Doolittle's raid
- bombing of Tokyo and other Japanese cities; raised American morale
- Freud
- psychology; unconscious mind drives actions
- Atlantic Charter
- joint declaration issued by Roosevelt and Churchill; upheld free trade and right to choose own government
- raj
- British rule after India under british crown during reign of Queen Victoria
- Lend-Lease Act
- lend arms to nations vital to US
- Final Stage
- Nazis built extermination camps for Jews
- appeasement
- giving in to an aggressor to keep peace
- militarism
- policy of glorifying military power and keeping army always prepared for war
- assimilation
- policy that nation forces/encourages ppl to adopt its institutions/customs
- Britain, France, and Scandanavia
- only countries in Europe that retained democracy after Depression
- Nisei
- Japanese-Americans; considered a threat and forced into internment camps during WWII
- totalitarianism
- government control over every aspect of public and private life
- New Deal
- program of government to reform American economic system after the Depression; large public work projects to provide jobs for unemployed; welfare and relief programs
- Jazz
- new popular music style emerging in postwar United States; lively, loose beat captured the new freedom of the age
- Emma Goldman
- spoke out for greater freedom for women; arrested for speaking about birth control
- Mein Kampf
- means "my struggle"; book written by Hitler about struggles in his life, written in prison
- theory of relativity
- theory which states that space and time change when measured relative to an object
- Agricultural Revolution
- innovation of tools, more crops produced, so the more crops the more selling the more advanced tools needed....you see where im going
- total war
- conflict where participating countries devote resources entirely to cause
- existentialism
- belief that there is no universal meaning to life; meaning in life is created through choices people make
- capitalism
- system factors of production privately owned, money invested in business for profit
- brinkmanship
- a policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression
- ghettos
- segragated Jewish areas
- Curies
- discovered 2 elements; radioactivity
- V-E Day
- victory in Europe; Germany's surrender officially signed in Berlin (aka Vanessa Estavillo Day)
- Warsaw Pact
- a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and SEVEN eastern european countries
- laissez-faire economics
- letting owners of industry/business set working conditions at leisure
- Weimar Republic
- Germany's new democratic government set up in 1919
- sepoy
- indian soldier under British command
- utilitarianism
- (Jeremy Bentham) 1700s theory that gvt. actions only useful if it benefited the greatest ammount of people
- nationalism
- belief that people should be loyal to their nation vs. a king or empire
- detente
- (the last term!) a policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the US during the presidency of Richard Nixon
- adam smith
- professor who defended idea of free economy (gvt. should not interfere)
- Battle of Guadalcanal
- "Island of Death"
- Great Depression
- started with the Stock Market Crash; the collapse of American and world econonomies
- Industrial Revolution
- "the greatly increased output of machine goods" (Eng. mid 1700s)
- democratization
- process of creating a government elected by the people
- sino-jap war
- conflict between china and japan over presence in korea
- Kristallnacht
- "Night of Broken Glass"; attack on Jewish communities
- Popular Front
- moderates, socialists, and communists formed coalition in response to Depression; passed series of reforms to help the workers
- indoctrination
- totalitarian method of instruction in the government's beliefs to mold people's minds
- annexation
- the adding of region to territory of existing political unit
- crimean war
- Ottoman empire halted russian expansion in Black Sea with British/French aid
- Benito Mussolini
- Italian fascist dictator
- blitzkrieg
- means "lightning war"; Hitler's strategy for invading Poland; fast-pace war to take enemy defenders by surprise and quickly overwhelm them
- boers
- Dutch colonists in south Africa
- Neutrality Acts
- illegal to send/lend to nations at war
- opium war
- conflict btwn. Britain and China 1839-1842 over Britian's opium trade in China (even though china SAID to stop)
- Cubism
- founded by Picasso; transformed natural shapes into geometric forms
- entrepreneur
- person who organizes, manages and takes on risks of a business
- 1st battle of marne
- schieffen plan ruined; defend Paris
- Winston Churchill
- British prime minister during World War II
- vietcong
- group of communist guerrillas who with the help of N vietnam fought against the south vietnamese gvt. in the vietnam war
- NATO
- the North Atlantic Treaty Organization-a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the US, and Canada
- war guilt clause
- germany had to pay up for repairs
- schlieffen plan
- Germany's military plan: German troops rapidly defeat France
- cold war (burr)
- the state of diplomatic hostility between the US and the SU in the decades following WWII
- Bolshevic (Revolution)
- group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in Nov. 1917
- unions
- association of workers to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages
- spanish-american war
- 1848 conflict between US and Spain with US support Cuban independance