Block 4 PSYCH Exam -- Dissociative Disorders

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What is dissociative amnesia?: Dissociation of memory

Inability to recall important personal information
(usually of a traumatic or stressful nature)
Dissociative Fugue: Not only loss of personal information, but dissociation of identity

Sudden, unexpected travel.
Inability to recall one's past, or assumption of new identity
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Formerly was called Multiple Personality Disorder

Fragmentation of personal identity

2 or more distinct identities
Accompanied by inability to recall important personal information
What is Depersonalization Disorder?: Dissociation of one's perception of self

Feeling of being detached from one's thoughts or body

NOTE: Pts. exhibit INTACT reality testing
What do DID advocates say is the goal of dissoc. as a behavior? What do they say the treatment needs to be?: Goal of behavior was to initially defend against abuse

Treatment enatils recovery of traumatic memory
"Alters" need to be allowed to communicate and to be integrated
What do DID critics say is the goal of dissoc. as a behavior? What do they say the treatment needs to be?: Goal is to defend against current problems
Trying to assume sick role

Treatment should entail ignoring "alters", being isolated from reinforcers
Also, should entail countersuggestion
Under what conditions does more significant dissoc. tend to occur (4)?: Sleep deprivation
Fatigue
Stress
Trauma
What is the hypnogogic state?: Mental state just as you're falling asleep
What is the hypnopompic state?: Mental state just prior to awakening
What 3 psych. conditions does dissociation commonly occur with?: Schizophrenia
Anxiety disorders
Somatoform disorders
Abuse places people at risk for what psych. conditions (5)?: Borderline personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Anxiety disorders
Bulimia Nervosa
Substance-related disorders
What is the hypnotic state?: A state of relaxed wakefullness

EEG studies are consistent w/ being fully awake and alert
How much of the population is hypnotizable? Highly hypnotizable?: 3/4 of population is hypnotizable

~10% are highly hypnotizable
What part of life is hypnotizability greatest in?: Greatest during childhood
Gradually declines throughout adulthood
What major charac. apply to hypnotically enhanced recall (4)?: Increases pts. willingness to report prev. uncertain memories w/ conviction
Enhances pts. tendency to confabulate
Enhances pts. tendency to distort memories
Enhances pts. tendency to incorporate cues from ?s as factual memories

NOTE: danger that beliefs of hypnotist incorporated into what pt. believes
Interviews assisted w/ what 2 substances have same charac. as hypno- interviews?: Amobarbital ("truth serum")
Benzodiazepines
Explicit memory correlates to what brain circuit? Which neurotransmitter?: Medial hemispheric memory circuit

Acetylcholine
Implicit memory correlates to what brain circuit? Which neurotransmitter?: Basal ganglia/frontal lobe circuit

Dopamine
Episodic memory refers to memories of what?: Personal events
Semantic memory refers to memories of what?: Facts
Implicit memory refers to memories of what?: Procedures
Skills (priming, conditioning)
What type of memory does amnestic syndrome affect?: Typically affects EXPLICIT memory (spares implicit)
What type of memory does dissociative amnesia affect?: Only EPISODIC
What is the prevalence of somatization disorder in DID pts.?: 20%
What is the prevalence of Borderline Pers. Disorder in DID pts.?: 70%

NOTE: antisocial pers. disorder is common in male DID pts.
What is the treatment for Depersonalization Disorder?: Education
Relaxation therapy
Cognitive therapy

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