Whitneys Vocab List
Terms
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- Patronage
- the practice of granting favors to reward party loyalty
- supply
- the amount of a product that would be offered for sale at all possible prices that could prevail in the market
- confederacy
- a loose union of inderpendent states; name of government directs all major economic decisions
- caste system
- a set of rigid social cateorgies that determined not only a person'd ocvcupation and economic potential, but also his or her postion in society
- Crausades
- a series of military ecpeditions by Christian Europe to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
- sovereignty
- the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries
- internationalism
- a national policy of actively trading with foregin countries to foster peace and prosperity
- Deregulation
- relaxation of government regulation on industry
- Federalism
- a system in which power is divided between the national and state government
- scarcity
- the condition that results from limited resources combined with unlimiuted wants
- Corporation
- an organization that is authorized by law to carry on an activity but treated as though it were a single person
- trade-off
- alternatives that must be given up when one is chosen over another
- flexible response
- the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons
- civil society
- a complex network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious organizations, and many other kinds of groups that exist independently from the government
- politcal party
- a group of individuals with broad common intrest who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy
- jurisdiction
- the authority, power, or the right of a court to interpret or apply the law on certain cases
- Isolationism
- the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
- due process of law
- principle in the %th amindment stating that the government must follow prop[er constitutional procedures in trails and in other actions it takes against individuals
- Bureaucracy
- government administrators
- lobbying
- direct contact made be an intrest group representive in order to persuade government officals to support the policies their intrest group favors
- ideology
- a set of basic beliefs about life, culture, government, and society
- Republic
- a specific description of a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitlke to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them
- state sponsored terrism
- violent acts against civilians that are secretly supported by a government in order to attack other nations without going to war
- conservative
- a person who believes gevernment power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom
- Communism
- an economic system in which the centeral government directs all major economic decisions
- Nullification
- the faliure or refusal of a is state to aid in the enforcement of federal laws within its state limits
- constituent
- a person whom a member of congress has been elected to represent
- incrumbent
- elected offical that is already in office
- Insurrection
- an act of rebellion against the established government
- subverison
- a systematic attempt to overthrow a government by using persons working secertly from within
- government
- the institution through which the state maintains socail order, provides public services, and enforces binding decisions on citizens
- Liquidity
- ability to converted an asset into cash quickly
- Judical review
- the power of the supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional
- democracy
- a general description of a government in which the people rule
- Naturalizations
- the legal process by which a person in granted citizenship
- diplomacy
- the art and prctice of conducting negotations between nations without arousing hostility
- consumer sovereignty
- the concept that the concumer is the ruler of the market
- Impeachment
- A formal accusation of misconduct in office against a public offical
- Amnesty
- the act of granting pardon to a large group of people
- intrest group
- a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government
- marginal untility
- the extra usefulness gained from consumeing one more unit of a product
- Imperialism
- the action used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over smaller or weaker nation
- Liberal
- a person who generally believes the government should take an active role in the economy and in social programs but that the government should not dictate sovial behavior
- consumer price index
- statistic that measures overall changes in price or infolation over time
- Containment
- the policy designed to keep the soviet union from expanding its power
- politics
- the effort to control or in fluence the conduct and policies of government
- Capitalism
- economic system in which private citizens own and use the factors or production in order to generate profits
- Tariff
- a tax on an imported product
- conquistador
- a Spanish conqueror of the Americas