Test 3 Broadcasting
Terms
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- Strong Lead-in
- Starting a day part with a strong program to retain audience for the fallowing program
- Lead out
- Attracts audience to the program preceding it
- Hot switiching
- seamless commercial free transitions from one show to the other
- Stripping
- Scheduling episodes of a seris at the same time every weekday. Most syndicated 30 min. off network programs are scheduled this way like Jeopardy. It runs every weekday at 6:30 pm on cable channel 4 (Louisville)
- Block Programming
- Scheduling programs of similar appeal throughout the daypart ie Monday night football on ABC all comedy shows on CBS movie night on NBC etc
- Hammock
- Scheduling a questionable program in between two strong programs
- Counter programming
- attracting audience to one’s station by offering programs different from those of competition
- Audience Flow
- Movement of viewed or listeners from one program to another p241. The idea is to build audience numbers.
- Bridging
- Scheduling a program that overlaps the start time of a competing show (used by cable networks only)
- Repetition
- Repeat the movie or the program through the 24 hour daypart (use by cable networks only)
- Stunting
- Frequently interrupting regular programming with heavily promoted specials
- Sports
- Most Tv sports are produced by production companies specializing in television sports
- Network news
- rely on their own staffs for news footage but do accept news footage from pool feeds: sometimes it unsafe to go in
- Clustering
- group a whole bunch of channels together by program genre
- Before the mid-90s
- most network prime time programs were provided by outside major hollywood studios (paramount or twentieth centry Fox) and independent producers (MTM,Spelling,Cannell) p237
- LOP
- Least objectionable program: viewers will always watch something, even if reduced to this program philosophy
- Appointment television
- Like NFL football no matter where or when it is scheduled, viewers will follow it and plan for it
- Programming
- The selecting and scheduling of programs designed to appeal to certain subsets of the mass audience
- Targeting
- - the strategy of choosing the right program to appeal to that subset
- Demographics
- Term describing the age range and gender audience
- Psychographics
- provide a profile of lifestyle and interests in various demographics
- Parsimony Principle
- Parsimony means miserly or excessive economics) So, in programming it means using material as sparingly as possible, repeating it as often as possible or sharing it to reduce costs
- Off network syndicated program
- Former network program now offered to individual on a syndicated basis (Seinfeld or cheers)
- Syndicated
- shows abailable for purchase
- First- run syndication
- Programs designed for syndication only and never to be seen on a broadcast network (wheel of fortune or jeopardy)
- Bicycle
- Syndicator ships tapes to station A which airs it and then send it to station B etc.
- Syndex
- Syndex requires each cable system to make sure that syndicated show is run exclusively without competition
- FIN/SYN
- the networks could not own syndicated program it was reapealed in 1991
- Barter syndication
- When the syndicator sells all of the commercials in a national show (mutual of Omaha’s “wild kingdom†) With stations receiving it free with no commercial time to sell
- Day Parts
- Television days is broken down into early early morning, early morning, morning
- MSO
- (multiple system operators) p176 This mean that they own multiple cable operations
- Vertical integration
-
Vertical integration is where you do business with yourself.
Means that they own the film companies and the Cable network - Telcos
- Telephone companies are not big players but they essentially can enter the television arena. They have fiber optic lines
- 1992 Cable Act
- requires cable operators to offer subscribers a basic service tier
- CO-OP
- Cooperative advertising when local agencies share with a national company (Goodyear shares local advertisers with national Goodyear
- National Spot
- When national advertisers have network commercials for certain parts of the united states etc.
- Network advertising
- they run all across the nation at the same time in every time zone
- Investment, Profit and Loss
- Stations can sell for two and half times the stations annual gross revenue of 8-10 times its cash flow; You buy the potential of the Television station.
- Clipping
- TV stations have whole lot network commercials you clip the final commercials to put in your own commercials
- Double Billing
- If you bill an advertisers for less time then they actually paid for
- Payola/Plugola
- giving money under the table to plug a concert or a certain song; Its illegal to undisclosed the act
- Cigarettes, liquor and casinos
- for the protection of children they will not push hard liquors on Air
- Program length commercial
- this was deregulated; it’s Ok as long as they are not aimed at children
- FTC involvement
- Gets involved into False Advertising; this is the Federal Trade Commission
- Government Regulations of Advertising
- Requires reasonable recognizable differences between Radio/TV commercials and programs- The main difference is the Fade to black which separates program from commercials
- Logs and Proof of Performance
- It has to be placed on a log; This proves that the commercials ran; Its is a legal document
- Advertising Agency
- they buy time, design add campaigns and creates commercial and conduct research.
- Unwired Networks
- Alternate way of selling national spot ads A certain company buys up all the spots and sells them for profit
- National Sales Reps
- they rep your station to the national networks
- Per Inquiry
- the advertiser pays a fee on a number of phone calls you get on a commercial
- Barter
- In TV you don’t make any money but you don’t lose any money
- Pakages
- You can by a number of commercials for cheaper
- Preemtibility
- You get a specific time unless someone else pays more money for the same time
- ROS
- Run of Schedule; or BTA Best Time Available; its less expensive because your not guaranteed a specific time
- CPM
- Cost per thousand- M is the roman numeral for thousand; allows advertisers to observe cost of different media
- Advertising Volume
- Newspapers when the total volumes
- TCAF
- established in order to allow a commercial experiment; p215 Temprary commission on alternative financing-model that didn’t last
- Ford Foundation
- enabled education TV to survive its first decade Annenburd donated $150 million to ETV
- Annenburd
- TV guide guy who donated 150 million to keep Educational TV alive during its first decade
- CPB
- Coporation for public programming
- SPC
- Station program cooperative
- Educational or public radio
- 20 channels at eh low end of the Fm Band
- FTC
- - Federal trade commission; determines if advertising is totally inaccurate
- QUbe
- interactiv cable did not work
- Wireless cable or MMDS
- multichannel multipoint distribution channel
- TV act of 1972
- imposed must carry “they must carry the local signal
- SMATV
- Master Attena seperates signal
- Overbuild
- when there are more than one cable operation in one area
- O & O
- Owned and operated by the cable networks
- Carnegie Commission Report of 1967
- recommended that the government supports non-commercial radio
- NPR
- National Public Radio; most stations are not member's because it cost a good deal of money; WKYU-FM pays NPR for its program
- Underwriting
- provdiding ad time for a company that supports a non-profit; it doesn't look like standard commercial