1st quarter 7th grade Middle East Exam
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- What agricultural improvement did ancient Mesopotamian civilization make?
- Farmers used irrigation systems to water crops and control flooding.
- What was the result of the treaty signed in 1995 by Isreali Prime Minister Rabin and Palestinian leader Arafat?
- Arab populated areas of Isreal came under Palestinian (Arab) control.
- What three major religions have their origins in the Middle East?
- Judaism, Christianity, Islam
- What are the "Five Pillars" of Islam?
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1. There is one God
2. Prayer
3. Charity
4. Fasting
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca - What are the 3 primary causes for continued conflict in the Middle East today?
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1. Religious differences
2. Control of oil production
3. Terrorist activities by Muslim fundamentalists. - What do the developments of early civilizations in Mespotamia, Egypt, and China have in common?
- They are located along major rivers.
- The Bible, the Quran, and the Torah are used as ...
- Guides for moral conduct
- What was the Holocaust?
- The Holocaust was the systematic extermination of six million Jews during World War II.
- What is the world's largest desert?
- the Sahara Desert
- What was an effect of the Crusades?
- Trade increased between Europe and Asia when soldiers returned to Europe with the valuables from the Middle East and Asia.
- What was the goal of the Crusades that took place between 950 A.D. and 1200 A.D.?
- to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims
- What are the Ten Commandments?
- A set of guidelines for moral and ethical behavior.
- Oil tankers traveling from Iran on the Persian Gulf to South Africa must cross which body of water?
- The Indian Ocean
- Which group of people ruled most of the Middle East at the beginning of the twentieth century?
- the Turks
- Name two countries that border the Red Sea.
- Egypt and Saudi Arabia
- What was an important result of the migration of the Ottoman peoples from central Asia?
- They established a Muslim Empire in Turkey.
- What is the world's longest river?
- the Nile River
- Ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia was characterized by what three things?
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1. Walled cities with large markets
2. cuneiform writing
3. Ziggurat temples - Which Middle Eastern country is closest to both Russia and Europe?
- Turkey
- Who was the ruler who developed one of civilization's oldest codes of laws?
- Hammurabi
- What do most Iranians, Turks, and Egyptians have in common?
- the Islamic religion
- What was an accomplishment of Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C.?
- He spread Greek culture throughout the Middle East and North Africa.
- Which country is bordered on the north by the Black Sea and on the southwest by the Mediterranean Sea?
- Turkey
- Saddam Hussein has been a key leader in what three pro-Arab movements in the Middle East?
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1. Supporting Arab opposition to the state of Israel.
2. Leading Islamic fundamentalism in Arab countries.
3. Opposing American influence in the Middle East. - How is the population of the Middle East changing?
- Cities are becoming overcrowded because people are leaving rural areas to live in them.
- Where is the Suez Canal?
- The Suez Canal connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by the countries of Egypt and Jordan.
- Which countries border Kuwait?
- Iraq and Saudi Arabia
- Where is the Sahara Desert?
- northern Africa
- Which country was created to be a homeland for Jewish people after World War II?
- Isreal
- A person born in 1787 and died in 1863. In which two centuries did he live?
- Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
- Which river does Isreal use as a source of water for irrigation?
- Jordan River
- Which desert is located within the Middle East?
- the Sahara
- Which Middle Eastern city is considered holy to Jews, Muslims, and Christians?
- Jerusalem
- Which Middle Eastern country received millions of immigrants during the 20th century?
- Isreal
- How does Isreal's location on the Mediterranean Sea affect it?
- It has allowed Isreal's people to migrate to Isreal easily.
- Why has the Middle East been so important to Europe, Asia, and Africa?
- It physically links the three continents together.
- What is a dynasty?
- a line of rulers from a single family.
- Who is considered the last great Prophet of the Islamic faith?
- Muhammed
- What was the purpose of OPEC?
- Influence the world's oil prices and production
- Which civilization developed papyrus paper for writing?
- Egypt
- Arab "Jihads" and Christian "Crusades" are considered what kinds of wars?
- Holy wars
- Isreal and Palestine today share which common goal?
- To be independent countries with permanent borders in the Middle East.
- Asia Minor and the Ottoman Empire are known today as which modern country?
- Turkey
- Why was the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 an important event in the Middle East?
- It helped end British and French control in the Middle East.
- What are three reasons for the spread of the Islamic religion throughout the Middle East?
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1. Arabs were great warriors.
2. Arabs controlled the great trade routes and centers within the Middle East.
3. Arabs were tired of the cruel treatment they received under Christian rulers.