Chapter 6.4
Terms
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- Religions of the early Pax Romana
- - Christianity - Judaism - Mythology - Mystery Religions
- 2 mystery Religions:
- 1) Cult of Isis - Women were equal to men - Expensive to belong too 2) Mithraism - No women allowed - Persian god Mithras - Good before evil - Life before death - Favored by soldiers
- 2 criteria needed for religious tolerance by the Romans
- 1) Honor Roman Gods 2) Acknowledge the divine spirt of the emperor
- Most Jews lived in:
- Judea
- Jews were ________. They would not worship the emperor as a god
- Monotheistic
- Jewish communties during the Hellenistic Age:
- Many Jews absorbed Greek customs and ideas
- Zealot
- Jews that were not reluctantly willing to live under Roman rule
- 2 ideas that the Zealots encouraged within the Jewish community:
- 1) revolt against Rome 2) Reestablish an independent state
- Messiah
- Annointed king sent by god
- From the Messiah, Jews expected:
- he would lead the Jewish people to freedom
- The "Great Revolt"
- Roman forces crushed the rebels, captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the Jewish temple
- Where did Jews go after the revolt?
- they lived in scattered communities around the Mediterranean
- Rabbis
- Jewish scholars who extended and preserved the religious law asset forth in the Talmud
- _______ was the founder of hte new religion called Christianity
- Jesus of Nazareth
- Gospels
- - Mathew - Mark - Luke - John
- Gospel:
- Good news --- from old English language
- Jesus was born in:
- Bethlehem
- Jesus grew up in:
- Nazareth
- Jesus followed ________ as a religion
- Judaism
- Jesus began _______ at the age of 30
- Preaching
- Jesus Gathered 12 disciples or followers called _______ to help him preach
- Apostles
- Apostle
- Greek for: "a person sent forth"
- Most important Apostle:
- Peter
- Parable
- Short stories with simple moral lessons
- Jesus believed in ___
- One god
- He followed the ______
- Ten commandments
- He preached _______ to the law of Moses
- obedience
- 2 new beliefs:
- 1) son of god 2) people believed he was the messiah
- Mission:
- to bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to anyone who would believe in him
- 3 major responsibilities of the Jewish people:
- 1) Love the Lord you God with all your heart 2) Love your neighbor as yourself 3) Love your enemies
- 2 ways Jews viewed Jesus:
- 1) Some welcomed him 2) Others regarded him as a dangerous troublemaker
- Romans viewed Jesus as:
- A revolutionary who might lead the Jews in a rebellion against Roman rule
- Jewish followers proclaimed him _____.
- "King of Jews"
- How did Jesus die?
- He was crucified
- Do the Christians believed Jesus died?
- No because they believed he rose from the dead
- A _____ is a follower of Jesus
- Christian
- The Apostles first preached to the _______.
- Jews of Judea
- Christ (Christos)
- "The annointed one"
- The Disciple _____ preached to Gentiles
- Paul
- Gentiles
- Non-jews
- Epistle
- Letter
- 2 ideas Paul emphasized in his epistles
- 1) Jesus had sacrificed his life out of love for human kind 2) Whoever believed that Jesus was the son of god and followed his teachings would achieve salvation or eternal life
- Which emperor persecuted Christianity?
- Nero
- Scapegoat
- someone who is blamed for something they can't control
- Martyr
- people who suffer or die for their beliefs
- 2 important Christians that were killed by Nero
- - Peter - Paul
- Who was the greatest missionary of Christianity?
- Paul
- Who was crucified upside down? and Why?
- - Peter - Because he refused to be crucified the same way Christ was
- Why did Christianity continue to spread among the people?
- Because it accepted everyone
- Which emperor ended the persecution of the Christians?
- Constantine
- The _________ accomplished freedom of worship to all citizense of the Roman empire
- Edict of Milan
- ________ made Christianity the state religion of Rome
- Theodosius
- What did Theodosius not allow?
- - Pagan worshipping - Olympics
- What did the Christians have to do to fully join the Christian community?
- Had to renounce evil in the rite of baptism
- Baptism
- your sins are forgiven by the Grace of God
- When did the Christians mostly worship?
- Sundays
- Eucharist
- Sacred meal when bread and wine is eaten and drank
- 3 clergy positions of the early Christian church
- 1) Bishop - Head of the churches in a major city 2) Patriarch - Head of administrative centers 3) Priest - Conducts services, baptisms, and marriages
- Diocese
- An area that the bishop was responsible for or many parishes or churches
- 5 patriarchal cities
- 1) Rome (west) 2) Antioch (east) 3) Alexandria (east) 4) Jerusalem (east) 5) Constantinople (east)
- Bishops of Rome became known as ____.
- Popes
- Pope
- - head of church - vatican - supremacy over patriarchs
- Heresies
- beliefs said to be contrary to official church teachings
- How did Christians end disputes over questions of faith?
- councils of church leaders met to decide official Christian teachings
- Theology
- talk or discourse about God
- 3 great scholars of the early Christian Church
- 1) Clement - teacher in Alexandria 2) Origen - respected for his intellectual achievements 3) Augustine - bishop of Hippo in North Africa. He combined Greco-Roman learning especially the philosophy of Plato
- What were important in strengthening Christianity?
- Church councils
- Council of Nicaea
- 1) collected books of Gospel to greate the Old and New testaments of the Bible 2) Created the Nicene Creed or Apostle's Creed 3) Established the central belief of Christianity
- Apostles Creed
- Prayer affirming beliefs
- The Doctrine of the Trinity
- Three persons in one God