Geo Exam
Terms
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- specialization
- Workers concentrate on producing those goods and services for which they have a competitive advantage.
- petrochemical
- a chemical made or derived from petroleum or natural gas
- earthquake
- a shaking or sliding of the ground. It is caused by the sudden movement of masses of rock along a fault or by changes in the size and shape of masses of rock far beneath the earth's surface.
- Green Revolution
- term used to describe the transformation of agriculture in many developing nations that led to significant increases in agricultural production between the 1940s and 1960s.
- prime meridian
- the meridian running through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is reckoned
- iron ore
- The term "iron ore" is used when the rock is sufficiently rich in iron minerals to be mined economically.
- colonial
- of, concerning, or pertaining to a colony or colonies
- volcano
- a cone-shaped hill or mountain around this opening, built up of the material that is forced out.
- winter-city concept
- the idea that cities should be designed and built so that they are more liveable during harsh Canadian winter
- Industrial Revolution
- the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.
- coniferous forests
- forests of trees that bear cones
- map legend
- lists and explains the symbols and colors used on a map
- consumerism
- concentration on producing and distributing goods for a market which must constantly be enlarged
- metamorphic rock
- Rock changed in structure by heat, moisture, and pressure.
- GPS
- Geographic Positioning System
- food reserves
- help prevent shortages after poor farming years
- Tectonic Movement
- belonging to the structure of the earth's crust and to general changes in it, such as folding or faulting.
- metropolitan
- of or pertaining to a large city, its surrounding suburbs, and other neighboring communities.
- stewardship
- to keep up or keep going, as an action or process
- geographic grids
- networks of imaginary lines that help us find and describe places on earth
- uranium
- a white, radioactive metallic chemical element that weighs more than any other element in nature
- UN
- United Nations
- tundra
- a vast, level, treeless plain in the arctic regions. The ground beneath the surface of the tundras is frozen even in summeril
- subsidy
- A money payment or other form of aid that the government gives to a person or organization
- tertiary industries
- the movement of goods from producers to consumers. Industries at this stage of production include automobile dealers, drugstores, and trucking firms
- malnourished
- improperly nourished
- coal
- a solid, hard black substance that burns and gives off heat.
- nondurable goods
- goods such as clothing and food
- deserts
- a barren region with little or no rainfall, usually sandy and without trees
- geography
- the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products
- equator
- an imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole
- municipality
- a city, town, or other district possessing corporate existence and usually its own local government.
- projections
- a number of mathematical methods that cartographers use to produce a flat map of the round earth
- primary industries
- raw materials and natural resources are obtained (mining, agriculture, fishing)
- organic production
- grown or prepared with natural fertilizers or without the use of insecticides and other chemicals: organic food
- industry
- a group of businesses that produce a similar product or provide a similar service.
- environment
- all of the surrounding things, conditions, and influences affecting the growth or development of living things.
- calorie
- a unit of the energy supplied by food
- recycle:
- to put wastes, garbage, or the like, through a cycle of purification and conversion to useful products
- competitive advantage
- concentration on jobs workers are best fitted to perform.
- Developing country
- any of the world's poor, or "have-not," nations
- capital goods
- buildings, machinery, tools, and other goods that provide productive services over a period of time.
- FAO
- Food and Agricultural Organization
- cereal grains
- corn, wheat, rice, and other grasses
- biome
- a natural community of plants and animals, its composition being largely controlled by climatic conditions
- Leduc
- On 13 Feb 1947, the Leduc No 1 well, in Alberta, successfully tapped the huge Leduc oil field. By the end of 1947, some 30 wells in the field were producing 3500 barrels of oil a day.
- minerals
- a substance obtained by mining or digging in the earth
- Peterson
- a type of map projection that depicts the continents' sizes more accurately than Mercator
- GIS
- Geographic Information System
- distortion
- a distorting; twisting out of shape
- urban
- pertaining to, or designating a city or town.
- nickel
- a metallic chemical element that looks like silver and is somewhat like iron.
- contour map
- a map showing heights at regular intervals above sea level by means of contour lines
- igneous rock
- produced by fire, great heat, or the action of a volcano; solidified from a molten state.
- sedimentary rock
- rocks formed from sediment derived not only from rock fragments but also from plant and animal remains
- meridians:
- an imaginary circle passing through any place on the earth's surface and through the North and South poles
- renewable resources
- a resource that can be renewed, solar, wind
- scale
- the mathematical relationship by which distances on a map reduce actual distances on earth
- metallurgy
- the science or art of metals. It includes the study of their properties and structure, the separation and refining of metals from their ores, the production of alloys, and the shaping and treatment of metals by heat and rolling.
- soybean
- used in making flour and oil and as a food
- secondary industries
- the manufacturing industries like chemical, textile, and other
- urban sprawl
- the growth of low density development outward from the edges of a city
- Mercator
- A Mercator chart represents the meridians and parallels of latitude as straight lines
- LRT
- Light Rail Transit
- output
- the amount produced; product or yield: the daily output of automobiles
- arterial road
- a major road in the city that is below an expressway in terms of capacity and speed
- international trade
- Trade between nations
- tropical rain forests
- a woodland of tall trees growing in a region of year-round warmth and abundant rainfall
- Thomas Malthus
- English economist: Said that population tends to increase more rapidly than food supplies
- potash
- any one of several substances made from various minerals, wood ashes, blast furnace dust, or the like, and used in making soap, fertilizers, and glass.
- urbanization
- the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
- grasslands
- land with grass on it
- borough
- an incorporated municipality smaller than a city
- nutrients
- a nourishing substance
- niche
- the ecological "job and address" of a plant or animal in nature
- residential density
- a measure of the number of housing units per hectare or square kilometre
- reeve
- an administrative officer of a town or district
- tariff
- is a tax placed on goods that one nation imports from another.
- savannas
- a region of grassland with scattered trees lying between the equatorial forest and the hot deserts in either hemisphere
- soil conservation
- preventing soil erosion from water and wind.
- longitude
- distance east or west on the earth's surface, measured in degrees from a certain meridian (line from the North to the South Pole).
- aquaculture
- the raising of plants or animals, such as fish or shellfish, in or at the bottom of the sea, a lake, a river, or other body of water
- pulses
- the seeds of a group of plants, such as peas, beans, and lentils, used as food.
- salt
- a white substance found in the earth and in seawater; sodium chloride; table salt. Salt is used to season and preserve food and in many industrial processes.
- fertilizer
- manure, or any organic substance, or a chemical that makes soil richer in plant foods when it is spread over or put into soil
- subsidize
- To assist or support with a subsidy
- grant
- something granted, as a privilege or right, a sum of money, or a tract of land
- latitude
- distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
- forage
- to hunt or search for food
- cartography
- the making or study of maps or charts
- bitumen
- the heaviest, thickest form of petroleum.
- famine
- lack of food in a place; time of starving
- parallel
- any of the imaginary circles around the earth parallel to the equator, marking degrees of latitude
- land use
- how land in a city is, or could be, use
- compass
- an instrument for showing directions, consisting of a needle or compass card that points to the north magnetic pole, which is near the North Pole.
- domestic trade
- Trade within a single country
- stock
- the capital of a company or corporation, divided into portions or shares of uniform amount which are represented by transferable certificates
- dividend
- share of the profits from the business
- feed lot
- a type of concentrated animal feeding operation
- petroleum
- an oily, dark-colored, flammable liquid found in the earth, consisting mainly of a mixture of various hydrocarbons
- Human geography
- concentrates on patterns of human activity and on their relationships with the environment
- capital
- goods used to produce other goods
- Physical geography
- concerned with the locations of such earth features as land, water, and climate; their relationship to one another and to human activities; and the forces that create and change them
- pesticides
- any one of various substances used to kill harmful insects (insecticide), fungi (fungicide), vermin, or other living organisms that destroy or inhibit plant growth, carry disease, or are otherwise harmful
- zoning laws
- generally passed by municipal governments, that control the kind and amount of development in an area
- deciduous forests
- forests of trees that shed leaves each year
- temperate
- not very hot, and not very cold
- per capita
- for each person
- topography
- the surface features of a place or region. The topography of a region includes hills, valleys, streams, lakes, bridges, tunnels, and roads
- livestock
- farm animals; domestic animals raised for their working ability or for their value as a source of food and other products
- legume
- a plant which bears pods containing a number of seeds
- protein
- a substance that is a necessary part of the cells of animals and plants
- Mollweide
- a type of homolographic map projection in which the surface of the earth is represented as an ellipse, with the equator and parallels of latitude as straight lines.
- Globalization
- The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.