LOM CHAP 5 VOCAB
Terms
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- Deglutition
- Swallowing.
- Lipase
- Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
- Stomach
- Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. It is divided into the fundus, body, and antrum (distal portion).
- Esophagus
- Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
- Enzyme
- A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
- Palate
- Roof of the mouth. The hard palate is anterior to the soft palate.
- Glucose
- Simple sugar.
- Fatty acids
- Substances produced when fats are digested.
- Triglycerides
- Large fat molecules composed of three molecules of fatty acids with one molecule of glycerol.
- Parotid gland
- Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
- Liver
-
A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs
2.5 - 3 lbs. - Common bile duct
- Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
- Uvula
- Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
- Pharynx
- Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
- Gallbladder
- Small sac under the liver, stores bile.
- Digestion
- Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
- Peristalsis
- Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other tubular structures. Peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates; stomach (0.5 to 2 hours), small intestine (2 to 6 hours), and colon (6-72 hours).
- Ileum
- Third part of the small intestine.
- Duodenum
- First part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10, the duodenum measures 12 inches in length.
- Pyloric sphincter
- Ring of muscle at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
- Alimentary Canal
- The digestive tract (canal); aliment means food.
- ABSORPTION
- Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream.
- Villi
- Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
- Dentin
- Major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
- Mastication
- Chewing
- Pulp
- Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
- Proteases
- Enzymes that digest protein.
- Portal vein
- Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestine.
- Hydrochloric acid
- Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
- Amylase
- Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
- Colon
- Large intestine; cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum.
- Rectum
- Last section of the colon.
- Rugae
- Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
- Amino Acids
- Small substances that are the building blocks of proteins and are produced when proteins are digested.
- Jejunum
- Second part of the small intestine.
- Enamel
- Hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
- Anus
- Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
- Papillae
- Small elevations on the tongue.
- Bilirubin
- Pigment released by the liver in bile; produced from the destruction of hemoglobin, a blood protein (-globin). In the intestine, bilirubin is degraded by bacteria to a variety of pigments that give stool (feces) its brown color.
- Insulin
- Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar into cells from the blood and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
- Emulsification
- Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
- Lower esophageal sphincter
-
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter.
- Saliva
- Digestive juice produced by salivary glands.
- Appendix
- Blind pouch hanging from the first part of the colon (cecum). It literally means hanging (pend/o) on (ap-). Usually found in the RLQ.
- Bile
- Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts.
- Salivary glands
- Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
- Glycogen
- Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
- Bowel
- Intestine.
- Cecum
- First part of the large intestine.
- Sigmoid colon
- Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
- Canine teeth
- Pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
- Incisor
- One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
- Sphincter
- Ring of muscles within a tube.
- Pancreas
- Organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).