Comp Review - Heme

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What kind of cell is this?: Basophil - lg, dk, purple-blue granules. Cytoplasm is pale blue but often obscured by granules
What kind of cell is this?: eosinophil - pink or reddish orange granules
What kind of cell is this?: erythrocyte
What kind of cell is this?: lymphocyte - agranulocyte, round nucleus w/ sm amt of cytoplasm
What kind of cell is this?: monocyte - agranulocyte, largest WBC, vacuoles in the lt blue/grey cytoplasm
What kind of cell is this?: neutrophil - most common WBC, rose/violet granules, lobed or segmented nucleus
What are the two types of WBCs called?: Granulocytes, agranulocytes
Name the three types of WBC granulocytes: Neutrophils, eosiniphils, and basophils
Name the two types of WBC agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes
What are some general functions of WBCs?: control inflammation and bacterial infection, provide immunity, help clot blood,destroy clots, and prevent unwanted clots
What is the most common type of WBC?: Neutrophils
What WBC forms the first line if defense against microbial infections?: Neuts
What WBC granulocyte w/ pink staining granules fights allergic reactions by releasing anti-histamines?: Eosinophils
What WBC granulocyte is very rare and releases histamine-heparin which induces inflammation and prevents clotting?: Basophils
What WBC agranulocyte is the largest WBC and has vaculoes in its cytoplasm?: Monocyte
Which WBS agranulocyte has a round nucleus, a sm amt of cytoplasm and comes in two types - B and T cells?: Lymphocyte
What is the scientific name for RBCs?: Erythrocytes
What are three terms for RBC size description?: Normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic
What does anisocytic mean?: Increased variance in RBC size
Feline RBCs should have no ____.: central pallor
What does the term polychromasia mean?: RBCs w/ a bluish tint - indicative of young cells
What is the scientific name for platelets?: Thromobcytes
What is the main function of thromobcytes?: clotting
What is the function of RBCc?: O2 xport and co2 excretion
What is the liquid and cellular portions of blood together called?: Whole blood
What is the liquid portion of whole blood called?: Plasma
What is the liquid portion of clotted blood called?: Serum
What does a hemolyzed sample look like? What causes this?: pinkish - caused by traumatic veinipuncture, wet collection tube, freezing whole blood, needle too small, forcing blood through needle
What info should be labeled onto the blood sample?: Date,tech initials, pt name/id, time, chart #
How soon after drawing a whole blood sample should it be used?: 2-3 hours at room optimally
Whzt kind of blood samples can be frozen? How long does it remain good for?: Plasma and serum - about 6 weeks
How long is a refrigerated plasma/serum sample good for?: about a week
___of blood yields about 1 ml of plasma or serum: 3 ml
What does a lipemic sample of plasma/serum look like? Why: Milky white - fat in the sample (often from animal not being fasted)
What does an icteric plasma/serum sample look like?: yellow to amber in color - bilirubin in sample
Serum is collected in tubes w/ what color top?: red - no anticoagulant as you want the sample to clot
What is the most commonly used collection tube in vet med? What color?: purple - EDTA
What kind of tube is most commonly used for plasma collection? What color top?: Heparin, green top
How much blood can be safely removed from a patient?: 10% of total blood volume
How is the total blood volume of a patient calculated?: 10% of total body weight in kgs = total blood volume
What items are typically included in a CBC?: WBC count, diffential, RBC morphology, platelet estimates, HCT/PCV, TPP
Duplicate diffs can be averaged and reported only if :: Neuts w/i 10 cells, lymphs w/i 8, monos w/i 6, eos w/i 5, and basos and bands w/i 2
Platelet estimate formula: Avg # of platelets in 10 oil power (100x) fields x 15,000 = est platelets/ul
WBC estimate formula: Avg of 10 hpf (40x) fields x 2000 = est WBC/ul
WBC 4 sq formula & rules (1:20 dilution): Count the 4 sq under 10x, Avg # of WBC x 50 = WBC/ul - ea sq must be w/i 10 cells & ea side w/i 20, results must end in 00 or 50
WBC 9 sq formula (1:100 dilution): Avg # of WBC x 110 = WBC/ul - ea side w/i 20, results must end in 00 or 50
PCV/CTs are run in duplicate and must be w/i ___% to be reprotable: 2%
RBC count formula: Avg # of RBCs on 5 squares (4 corners and center) under 40x, x 10,000 = rbc/ul
In orderto be reportable, WBCs & RBCs must be w/i ___% of the ___ count: 10% of the lower count
What is leukocytosis?: increased total WBC count
What is leukocytopenia?: decreased total WBC count
What is a left shift?: More than 5% of neuts are band cellsor younger
What is a right shift?: More than 5% of neuts are hypersegmented
What is neutrophilia? Causes?: Increase in # of neuts - muscular activity, emotional stimuli, bacterial infections
What is neutropenia? Causes?: Decrease in # of neuts - viral infections, SEVERE bacterial infections
What is eosinophilia? Causes?: increase in # of eos - parasitism, allergies
What is eosinopenia?: decrease in # of Eos - RARE, normal count can be 0
What is basophilia? Causes?: increase in # of basos - hyperthyroidism, heartworm
What is lymphocytosis? Causes?: increase in # of lymphocytes - adrenaline, certain cancers, young animals
What is lymphocytopenia? Causes?: decrease in # of lymphs - chronic infections, radiation exposure
What is monocytosis? Causes?: increase in # of monos - chronic inflammatory dzs, obstructions
What is anemia? Causes?: Decreased # of RBCs - blood loss, hemorrhage, and parasites
What is polycythemia?: increased # of RBCs - usually relative increases due to decreased plasma
**opposite of anemia**
What is thromocytosis? Causes?: increase # of platelets - injury, steroids, post-splenectomy
What is thrombocytopenia? Causes?: decreased # of platelets - hormone tx
What is poikilocytosis?: increased variation in SHAPE of RBCs
What are spherocytes? Hallmark for?: RBCs that are not biconcave, they are round and lack central pallor. Hallmark cell for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia - AIHA
What are leptocytes? Associated with?: Target cells - look like a bullseye due to membrane defect - associated with chronic liver dz
What are schistocytes? Associated with?: Fragmented RBCs - associated with severe burn cases, and IDA
What are echinocytes? Caused by?: spiky, shrunken RBCs - preparation artifact
What are acanthocytes? Associated with?: Spiky RBCs - NOT not tech error, serious pathological condition associated w/ hepatic lipidosis and liver dz
What is a Howell-jolly body? Associated with?: sm portion of a nucleus that has been retained in a cell - associated w/ splenectomy
What is a Heinz body? Associated with?: inclusion of denatured precipitated hemoglobin, hang wout toward the edge of the cell - associated w/ Tylenol, onion and propylene glycol toxicity
What is roleaux?: chained or rolled coin appearance of RBCs
What is agglutination?: RBCs irregulary clumped together
What is the formulafor a corrected WBC count?: actual WBC count x 100 divided by 100 + # of NRBc
What is the normal range of RBCs for dogs im millions/ul? Average?: 5.5-8.5, 6.8 avg
What is the normal range of RBCs for cats in millions/ul? Average?: 5.5-10.0, avg 7.5
What is the normal PCV% range for dogs? Average?: 37-55, 45.5% avg
What is the normal PCV% range for cats? Avg?: 24-45, 37% avg
What is the normal Hemoglobin range (g/dl) for dogs? Avg?: 12-18, 14.9 avg
What is the normal Hemoglobin range for cats? Avg?: 8-14, 12 avg
What is the normal WBC/ul for dogs? Avg?: 6,000-18,000
11,000 avg
What is the normal WBC/ul range for cats? Avg?: 5,500-19,500
12,500 avg
What is the normal platelet range (n x 100,000/ul) for dogs? Avg?: 2-5
3.4 avg
What is the normal platelet range (n x 100,000/ul) for cats? Avg?: 3-8
4.5 avg
What is the normal TP range in g/dl for dogs?: 4.9-9.0
What is the normal TP range in g/dl for cats?: 6.2-9.0

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