Psychology is Gay

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Classical Conditioning is important because it can provide the basis for: Emotional Responses
Little Albert was concluded to be afraid of a white rat, but then he also responded with a fear when shown a ball of cotton. The fear of cotton was due to ________________.: Generalization
Playing a slot machine can be thought of as______________________.: An operantly conditioned response
Marcy is playing a slot machine. She is on a _____________ schedule of reinforcement.: Variable Ratio
The type of schedule of reinforcement that will lead to the greatest resistance to extinction is the ______________________ schedule.: Variable
It can be argued that operant conditioning is actually an instance of _________________________.: Problem-solving and cooperation
Experiences that lead to learning lead to ____________________.: The growth of more dendrites on neurons in the brain.
Learning results in the firing of only certain postsynaptic neurons. That selectiving if fire is due to________________.: long-term potentiation
In your short-term memory, you can usually hold _____________ items, give or take one or two.: Seven
An individual who suffers from retrograde amnesia will lose his or her __________________ memories.: Declarative
Sean studies for an exam in the room in which he will take the exam whereas Donna studies for the exam in a different room. The exam is part essay and part multiple choice. All other things being equal, Sean will _______________________: Will do better than Donna on the essay part of the exam but the same on the multiple choice part.
Forgetting is usually due to: Interference
Individuals who as children were exposed to traumatic events (concentration camps, brutilization of parents) __________________.: Have persistent memories of the events
In the brain, declarative memories are processed in the ____________________ on their way to long-term storage.: Hippocampus
An adult who cannot put new experiences into memory is suffering from _______________.: anterograde amnesia
Infantile amnesia appears to be due to: Incomplete development of the hippocampus
The process by which we supposedly eliminate anxiety provoking memories from consciousness and store them in the unconscious is called _____________.: repression
The area of the brain that plays a role in the processing of information for storage in the long-term memory is the ___________________.: amygdala
The smallest unit of sound in a language is ________________.: Phoneme
Sheila has difficulty making up and understanding sentences that have complex structures. It is likely that she has a problem in her __________.: Broca's Area
When you read the sentence, "The apple was eaten by the boy" you know the boy ate the apple because of your ability with _______________.: Syntax
Chimpanzees show better development of _________________ than _______________.: Vocabulary, syntax
____________ suggested that we have a language acquisition device that enables us to develop syntax: Chomsky
Genie, the modern "wild child", developed ______________________ but not _____________.: Vocabulary, Syntax
An individual who is unable to translate sounds into words probably has a problem with _________________.: Wernicke's Area
Chimpanzees are limited in their development of ___________ because they have a limited development of the _____________________.: Syntax, frontal lobes
Evidence for the possibility that intelligence consists of seperate abilities comes from findings that _______________.: different abilities are located in different areas of the brain.
It now appears that intelligence consists of ______________.: A combination of a set of specific abilities and a general ability.
Speed of neural processing is thought to be a measure of: general intelligence.
Crystalized intelligence is _____________.: knowledge or information that is accumulated through education or experience.
If you were asked to indicate what symbol comes next in the series, 1,4,2,3,3,2, your answer would depend on: a combination of crystalized and fluid intelligence.
______________ intelligence genereally increases over time, whereas _____________________ intelligence usually peaks in early adulthood and then begins to decline.: crystalized, fluid
The decline in intelligence referred to in the preceding question is due to: deterioration of the brain
Downs syndrome is due to: an extra chromosome
Which of the following is NOT necessary for a diagnosis of mental retardation?: Known cause of the problem
Individuals who are labeled as "gifted" have IQ's of ____________ and higher.: 130
Overall brain size is ______________ correlated with intelligence.: Positively
When solving problems, the brains of more intelligent people use ____________ than the brains of less intelligent people.: Less glucose
When it comes to intelligence in adults, genetics _____________.: play a greater role than the environment than in the case for children.
When children from disadvantaged homes were adopted into homes with more advantages, the children showed ____________________.: Substantial increase in IQ that appeared to be permanent.
Destruction of brain tissue and the consequent reduction of intelligence of a child because of the mother's drinking of alcohol during the prenatal period:: Can occur even if the mother drinks only a very small amount of alcohol.
Right now most of you have more ___________ intelligence but less ________________ intelligence than professor holmes.: Fluid; crystalized
________ is not a cause of obesity.: Emotional Problems
the drug Viagra is used to treat: Arousal Disorder
Problems with ___________________ are related to insufficient feedback about being full and thereby to obesity.: Leptin
Which of the following is NOT a sexual disorder?: Homosexuality Disorder
The gender identity disorder: Is not treatable
The gender identity disorder can be explained best in terms of ____________.: hormone exposure during pre-natal development.
Which of the following has not been linked to Homosexuality: Child-rearing practices
After an accident in which a rod was driven through his brain, Phineas Gage became impulsive, erratic, and impatient. The area of his brain that was damaged in the accident was the: Pre-frontal Cortex
Individuals in preliterate ("stone age") cultures in New Guinea experience _______________ individuals in more literate cultures such as those in North America.: The same emotions as
When compared to normall sighted individuals, individuals who were born blind and who therefore could not see the expressions of others showed: Normal expressions of all emotions
In an experiment men exercised for either two minutes or 15 seconds, and then all of the men rated the attractiveness of a woman. When compared to the rating made by men who exercised for 15 seconds, the men who exercised for two minutes rated the woman: more attractive only if she was actually attractive.
Watching a gruesome movie can ______________________ feelings of romantic attraction to an attractive woman and can ___________________ feelings of romantic attention to an unattractive woman.: increase, decrease
Some psychologists have suggested that passion is due to: classical conditioning
You are angry with the professor in whose class you earned a low grade, so you go home and kick the door. That is an example of _____________.: displacement.
Which of the following is not a level of consciousness as described by Freud?: Semiconscious
The proper order of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
The Oedipus complex develops in the _____________ stage.: Phallic
The _____________ seems to say, "I want what I want when I want it": id
Learning theorists would argue that emotions are due to: Operant Conditioning
For Freud, the moral arm of society was represented in the: Superego
It now appears that about _________ of the variability in personality is due to genetic factors: 50%
Carl Jung believed that personality was in large part the result of: Interpersonal Conflicts
Human female fetuses who were exposed to high levels of androgens later showed behaviors that were characteristic of: Tomboys
Freud reported that Anna O. lived normally after her treatment, and we now know that: Frued was lying about her improvement
When explaining the behavior of other people, you are most likely to use: their personalities
When explaining the behavior of others, we are most likely to make the fundamental attribution error because: we focus attention on the person
You dislike Bill. He does very well on an exam, and you attribute his good performance to: situational factor's (an easy exam)
Which of the following is NOT generally related to greater attraction to another person: Complementarity
Sue is very attractive and Jane is somewhat unattractive. Jane's rating of attractiveness will be higher when she: Is with Sue
Which of the following pairs of people will be most attracted to one another.: person A is depressed and person B is depressed
"It really hurts me to watch that person struggle with her problem. I think I'll go and help her." That statement best reflects which explanation for helping?: Negative relief
After having their mood improved by unexpectedly finding some money, individuals were more likely to: Help a person who needed help
The bystander effect in helping indicates that you are more likely to be helped:: If there are relatively few people around
In the famous experiment by Miligram on "obedience" about ___________ of the individuals went all the way to the point of apparently killing the other person.: 65%
Physiology: is the final common pathway for psychiatric disorders
Lisa avoids others because she has a fear of being criticized by them. Lisa is suffering from: A social phobia
Drugs that reduce physiological arousal can be effective for: suppressing phobias
High levels of neurological activity in the area of the brain that is responsible for the emotional arousal can be used to explain: generalized anxiety disorder
The drugs that are effective for treating panic attacks are those that: Increase levels of serotonin at the synapses
In children, the obsessive-compulsive disorder is often due to: strep-infections
The drugs that are effective for treating the obsessive compulsive disorder are those that: Increase serotonin levels
Which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from depression? An individual who: Has had a stroke in the left prefrontal cortex
A new treatment for depression involves: magnetic stimulation of the brain
Which of the following is NOT an explanation for somatoform disorders.: Suppressed hostility.
Even when stress causes depression, the final cause in the brain is: low levels of neurotransmitters in the cortex.
The disorder that was once called the manic-depressive disorder is now called the: Bipolar disorder
Suicides that are disguised as accidents are called: Covert Suicides
Bizarre beliefs that are help despite strong evidence to the contrary are called: delusions
The disturbed thought process seen in individuals who suffer from schizophrenia are due to: distraction
_________ is a positive symptom of schizophrenia: Hallucinations
Individuals with positive symptoms of schizophrenia usually show __________ development of symptoms and a ___________________ prognosis.: rapd, good
The high levels of neurological activity that are found in some individuals with schizophrenia are caused by: high levels of dopamine in tracts leaving the brain stem and limbic system
The antidepression drugs known as MAOI's work because they: stimulate the production of more serotonin
Stimulants can reduce depression because they: stimulate the production of neurotransmitters
THe bipolar disorder is thought to be due to: unstable levels of neurological activity
The evidence now indicated that for treating the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: drugs are more effective then psychological treatments.
Tardive Dyskinesia is: a side effect of neuroleptics
Which of the following treatments would be LEAST likely to be effective for reducing hallucinations, delusions, and thought disturbances in persons with schizophrenia.: A token economy
The TAT and the Rorschach are ____________ tests: projective
Data from which of the following will enable a psychologist to make the most accurate description of an individual's new personality?: an interview plus an MMPI
On the Rorschach, the use of color supposedly reflects _____________ in the individual.: Emotion
An individual with a high F- score on the Rorschach would be thought to be: in poor tough with reality.
The attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is due to: low levels of arousal in the part of the brain that controls attention and motor behavior
The attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: can be carried forward into adulthood
The drug Naltraxone is effective for treating: substance abuse disorders
In most cases, the antisocial personality disorder: burns out at about age 40
A problem with case studies is that: we cannot draw conclusions concerning cause and effect from them
Correlations are an improvement over case studies because form correlations we can determine: the reliability of a relationship
A correlation coefficient can be used to determine whether: there is a relationship between two variables
Among children, age and height are: positively correlated
Which of the following correlations indicates the strongest relationship between two variables: -.74
In experiments, participants are randomly assigned to conditions to avoid: differences between the groups that are not due to the independent variable.
A good way to study the effects of genetic factors on aggression would be to: compare the levels of aggression in adopted children to the levels of aggrfession in their bilogical and their nonbiological parents.
The ________________ effect is the result of expectations.: Placebo
The double-blind procedure is used to avoid the problems of expectations of: participants and experimenters
The spinal cord is part of the: central nervous system
Increases in arousal are stimulated by ___________ branch of the nervous system, whereas decreases in arousal are stimulated by the _____________ branch of the nervous system.: Sympathetic, parasympathetic
Voodoo is death due to an over-reaction of the _______________ branch of the nervous system.: Parasympathetic
The area of the brain stem that is primarily responsible for generating neurological activity is the: reticular activating system
The ____________ carries stimulation up from the brain stem to higher areas of the brain: reticular activating system
The part of the brain that is primarily responsible for the coordination of motor movements is the: cerebellum
Homeostasis is controlled primarily by the: limbic system
Marci is suffering from anorexia. It is likely that she has a problem in her: hypothalamus
The primary role of the _______________ is the processing of memories for stroage.: Hippocampus
The structure in the brain that is primarily responsible for rage and aggression is the: amygdala
The amygdala plays a secondary role in: processing memories for storage
Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system: Pons
The thalamus is repsonsible for: interpreting incoming sensory stimuli
The top portion of your brain where higher mental processes occur is known as the: cerebrum
The cortex consists of: the thin layer of cells that cover the hemispheres
the lobes that are located directly behind the temporal lobes are the ______________ lobes: parietal
The auditory sensory of your brain are located in your __________________ lobes: temporal
Which of the following body parts takes up most space in your somatosensory area: finger
In most people, language abilities are found in the: left hemishpere
The cells in the nervous system are called: neurons
The nerve impulse is carried out from the body of the neuron to the next neuron by the: axon
Local anesthetics, such as novocain, stop the action potential by: clogging the sodium/potassium channgels
Transmission of the nerve impulse down the axon is a(n) ______________ process, and transmission of the nerve impulse across the synaptic gap is usually a(n) _______________ process.: electrical, chemical
What structure connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?: corpus callosum
Circadian Rhythm refers to: the daily cycle of sleep and wakefulness
For most people, the circadian rhythm: is longer than 24 hrs
REM: is correlated with dreaming
In most cases, sleep occurs when: the reticular formation stops carrying electrical activity to higher areas of the brain
REM is caused by: stimulation by the PGO system
Freud suggested that dreams: Occur when otherwise unconscious material slips out during sleep
A more modern explanation for dreams is that they are due to: random stimulation of cell assemblies
Which of the following disorders would most likely be treated with an hypnotic: insomnia
it was the early work of _______ that lead to what we call hypnosis: Mesmer

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