Introduction to Cancer
Terms
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- initiation stage of cancer
- carcinigens, radiation, virus, inflammation (some), oncogenes
- malignant
- cancerous tumor; cells multiply rapidly, destroy normal cells and spread (metastisis)
- tumor supressing gene
- anti-oncogene; when inactivation occurs leads to cancer (normally they slow cell growth)
- pollutants
- from factories/cars cause cancer
- oncogene
- a mutant, cancer causing gene that has the ability to transform into a cancerous cell when activated; derived from "proto-oncogenes" and are impt in regulating cell growth
- alcohol and other health problems
- increases stomach secretions, leads to gastritus (inflammation of the stomach lining); impairs nutrient abcorbtion; cirrhosis (fatty deposits in liver)
- pesticides
- & other household cleaners cause cancer
- uv radiation and cancer
- sunlight, skin cancer
- benign
- non-cancerous tumor; slow growing, incapsolated, remains in same position, may be painful
- % cancers related to lifestyle
- 75%
- carcinogenesis
- initiation-->promotion-->progression
- carcinogen
- chemical that increases the frequency of mutations and cause cancer
- exercise and cancer
- colon and breast, reproductive cancers in women are associated with low levels of physical activity
- cigarette smoking and cancer
- 30% of all cancer deaths; lung, larynx, mouth, esophagus, pancreas, bladder, kidney, mouth
- alcohol and cancer
- >2 drinks/day: mouth, throat, esophagus, breast and liver
- free radicals
- molecules with an unpaired electron that can damage DNA
- study: fat and cancer
- rats treated with a carcinogen and then fed added oils; those with the oil had in some cases 100% more cases of tumors
- diet and cancer
- fat is partially carcinogenic; BBQed/smoked food has free radicals; pesticides on produce
- cancer
- a complex disease characterized by abnormal cell division and tumor formation (growth genes regulate cell division, those cells have had mutations in DNA that result in the lack of contact inhibition)
- lung, lip, mouth cancer
- cigarettes, pipes, chewing tobacco
- biggest diagnosis?
- breast and prostate
- promotion stage of cancer
- these things block the p53 gene from functioning: hormones (insulin), growth factors (IGF-1), dietary fat
- % cancers that stem from genetics
- 10-15%
- diet and cancer
- dietary fat/sugar increase free radical formation and stimulates tumor growth
- antioxidants
- can block carcinogenic effect of free radicals (fruit and cruciferous veggies)
- % cancers we cannot explain
- 10-15%
- biggest cancer killer?
- lung cancer