Nursing Concepts 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- What are the primary organs of the gastrointestinal system?
- MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE
- NAME THE SECONDARY ORGANS THAT PLAY A ROLE IN DIGESTION?
- LIVER, GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS
- WHAT IS THE 1ST PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?
- DUODENUM
- WHAT IS THE 2ND AND LONGEST PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?
- JEJUNUM
- WHAT IS THE 3RD PORTION OF THE SMALL INTESTINE CALLED?
- ILEUM
- WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE VALVE THAT JOINS THE SMALL TO THE LARGE INTESTINE?
- ILEOCECAL VALVE
- WHERE DOES DIGESTION BEGIN?
- STOMACH, EXCEPT FOR STARCHES WHICH STARTS IN THE MOUTH
- WHAT IS DEGLUTITION?
- SWALLOWING
- WHERE ARE MOST WATER-SOLUBLE NUTRIENTS ABSORBED?
- SMALL INTESTINE
- WHERE DO FATS GO ONCE THE SMALL INTESTINE HAS STARTED THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS?
- INTO THE LYMPH SYSTEM
- HOW DO THE FATS IN THE LYMPH SYSTEM GET INTO THE BLOODSTREAM?
- VIA THE THORACIC DUCT
- THIS IS THE CHEMICAL PROCESS BY WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE COMBINED WITH OXYGEN?
- OXIDATION
- THIS IS THE MOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER 1DEGREE CELSIUS?
- KCAL
- WHAT ARE THE 6 NUTRIENTS THE BODY NEEDS TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY?
- WATER, CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, FATS, VITAMINS, AND MINERALS
- WHAT % OF AN ADULT'S AND AN INFANT'S BODYWEIGHT IS WATER RESPECTIVELY?
- 50-60% AND 70-75%
- APPROX 2/3 OF WATER OF THE BODY IS.....a)ICF or b) ECF
- A) ICF
- LIST THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ECF?
- PLASMA, CSF, GI FLUIDS, LYMPH, AND INTERSTITIAL FLUID
- HOW MUCH WATER MUST ONE DRINK FOR EVERY 1,OOO CALORIES CONSUMED?
- 1,OOO ml
- WHAT ARE THE COMPONENT MOLECULES OF CARBOHYDRATES?
- CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN
- APPROX HOW MUCH CARBOHYDRATES ARE STORED IN THE BODY FOR EMERGENCY USE?
- 1/2 DAY'S USE
- WHERE ARE EXTRA CARBOHYDRATES STORED?
- LIVER, MUSCLES, AND FAT
- LIST 3 SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES?
- GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE
- TRUE OR FALSE---DISACCHARIDES REQ NO DIGESTION?
- FALSE--THEY ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO MONOSACCHARIDES FIRST
- WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES?
- POLYSACCHARIDES
- TRUE OR FALSE--GLYCOGEN IS SUPPLIED BY THE DIET?
- FALSE--IT IS MADE BY THE LIVER
- WHAT IS THE SALIVARY ENZYME THAT STARTS THE DIGESTION OF STARCHES IN THE MOUTH?
- PTYALIN
- WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF SOLUBLE FIBER?
- SLOWS GASTRIC EMPTYING, BINDS BILE ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL, PROVIDES FEELING OF FULLNESS
- WHAT IS THE BENEFIT OF INSOLUBLE FIBER?
- HOLDS WATER TO INCREASE FECAL BULK AND STIMULATES PERISTALSIS
- WHAT % OF DAILY INTAKE SHOULD CARBOHYDRATES BE?
- 50-60%
- THIS IS THE CONDITION WHERE ACIDS CALLED KETONES ACCUMULATE IN THE BLOOD AND URINE AND UPSET THE ACID-BASE BALANCE SECONDARY TO INCOMPLETE FAT OXIDATION IN CELLS. CAUSED BY DECREASED CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE?
- KETOACIDOSIS
- WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON DIETARY FAT CALLED?
- TRIGLYCERIDES
- WHAT IS THE MOLECULE MAKE UP OF A TRYGLYCERIDE?
- ONE GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS
- WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE FATTY ACID WHICH MAKES THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF A CELL?
- PHOSPHOLIPID
- THIS FATTY ACID IS NOT ESSENTIAL IN THE DIET BECAUSE THE LIVER PRODUCES IT EVERYDAY?
- CHOLESTEROL
- WHAT ARE THE 3 ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS?
- LINOLEIC, LINOLENIC, AND ARACHADONIC
- WHAT ARE THE DIGESTIVE AGENTS FOR FAT?
- BILE FROM THE GALLBLADDER, AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES FROM THE PANCREAS AND THE SMALL INTESTINE
- HOW MANY GRAMS OF FAT ARE EXCRETED IN THE FECES DAILY?
- 4
- WHAT IS THE % OF DAILY INTAKE FOR FATS?
- 25-30%
- WHAT ARE THE OMPONENT MOLECULES OF PROTEIN?
- CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, AND NITROGEN
- WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A COMPLETE PROTEIN?
- IT CONTAINS ALL OF THE 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
- WHAT ARE COMPLIMENTARY PROTEINS?
- THOSE WHICH, WHEN EATEN TOGETHER, SUPPLY ALL 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
- WHERE DOES THE DIGESTION OF PROTEIN BEGIN?
- IN THE STOMACH
- WHAT STOMACH SUBSTANCE STARTS THE DIGESTION OF PROTEIN?
- HYDROCHLORIC ACID
- WHERE DOES MOST PROTEIN DIGESTION TAKE PLACE?
- IN THE SMALL INTESTINE
- WHAT IS THE DAILY REQUIREMENT FOR PROTEIN?
- .8 GRAMS/KG
- WHAT ARE THE 4 FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS?
- A,D,E,K
- WHAT ARE THE WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS?
- C AND B COMPLEX GROUP
- WHICH TYPE OF VITAMINS ARE NOT STORED IN THE BODY AND THEREFORE NEED TO BE INGESTED EVERYDAY?
- WATER-SOLUBLE
- THIS VITAMIN AIDES IN NIGHT VISION, PROMOTES GROWTH OF BONES AND TEETH, MAINTAINS SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES?
- VITAMIN A
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN FISH OILS, CARROTS, SWEET POTATOES, BROCCOLI, AND GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
- VITAMIN A
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN A?
- 800-1000 RE
- THIS VITAMIN STIMULATES ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS?
- VITAMIN D
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN YEAST, FISH LIVER OILS, FORTIFIED MILK AND CEREALS?
- VITAMIN D
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO RICKETS, MALFORMED TEETH, AND BONE DEFORMITIES?
- VITAMIN D
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN D
- 5-10 mcg
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN VEGETABLE OILS, LEAFY VEGETABLES, AND WHEAT GERM?
- VITAMIN E
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN E?
- 8-10 mg
- THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SYNTHESIS OF PROTHROMBIN NEEDED FOR NORMAL BLOOD-CLOTTING?
- VITAMIN K
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES AND IS MADE BY INTESTINAL BACTERIA?
- VITAMIN K
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN K?
- 70-140 mcg
- THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING WOUND HEALING, AIDS IN RESISTING INFECTION, AND ENHANCES IRON ABSORPTION?
- VITAMIN C
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN C?
- 60 mg
- THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND ENSURING NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION?
- B1--THIAMINE
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN ENRICHED GRAINS, CEREALS, PORK, AND LEGUMES?
- B1-THIAMINE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO BERI-BERI, MENTAL CONFUSION, ANOREXIA, FATIGUE, AND MUSCLE WEAKNESS?
- B1--THIAMINE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR B1--THIAMINE?
- 1.0-1.4 mg
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS, MEAT, POULTRY, FISH, AND ENRICHED GRAINS AND CEREALS?
- B2--RIBOFLAVIN
- THIS VITAMIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING CARBOHYDRATE, FAT, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM, PROMOTES DNA SYNTHESIS, AND AIDS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?
- B2--RIBOFLAVIN
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO ORAL LESIONS, DERMATITIS, CHEILOSIS( CRACKS IN THE CORNER OF THE MOUTH), RED AND SWOLLEN TONGUE, REDDENING OF CORNEA?
- B2--RIBOFLAVIN
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR VITAMIN B2--RIBOFLAVIN?
- 1.2-1.7 mg
- THIS VITAMIN AIDES IN OXIDATION, PROMOTES CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN, AND FAT METABOLISM?
- NIACIN
- THIS VITAMIN PROMOTES BLOOD FORMATION, MAINTAINS NERVOUS TISSUE, AND IS NECESSARY FOR AMINO ACID METABOLISM?
- B6--PYRIDOXINE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN LEADS TO ABNORMAL BRAIN WAVE PATTERNS, DEPRESSION, SZ, AND ANEMIA?
- B6--PYRIDOXINE
- THIS VITAMIN PROMOTES NORMAL FUNCTION OF ALL CELLS, ESPECIALLY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM, PROMOTES BLOOD FORMATION, AIDS IN SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND RNA?
- B12--COBALAMIN
- THIS VITAMIN IS FOUND IN FRESH SHRIMP, OYSTERS, MEATS, MILK, EGGS, AND CHEESE?
- B12--COBALAMIN
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS VITAMIN RESULTS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, ANOREXIA, INDIGESTION, PARESTHESIA OF HANDS AND FEET?
- B12--COBALAMIN
- THIS VITAMIN IS NECESSARY FOR SYNTHESIS OF RNA, DNA, WBC, AND RBC?
- FOLATE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR FOLATE?
- 400 mcg
- IN WHAT VITAMIN CLASS IS PANTOTHENIC ACID?
- B-COMPLEX CLASS
- TRUE OR FALSE--VITAMINS DO NOT REQUIRE DIGESTION?
- TRUE
- WHAT HAPPENS IN THE BODY IF EXCESS AMOUNTS OF FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS ARE CONSUMED?
- THEY ARE STORED IN LIVER AND ADIPOSE
- IF A PATIENT WERE RECEIVING TPN WHAT VITAMIN MIGHT THEY BECOME DEFICIENT IN?
- BIOTIN
- WHAT IS THE SPECIAL QUALITY OF BETA CAROTENE?
- IT IS A PRECURSOR FOR VITAMIN A
- WHAT % OF BODYWEIGHT DO MINERALS MAKE UP?
- 4%
- WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A MAJOR MINERAL?
- ONE THAT IS REQUIRED IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS GREATER THAN 100 mg/DAY
- THIS MINERAL IS IMPORTANT TO BONE AND TOOTH FORMATION, ACID-BASE BALANCE, EVERGY AND METABOLISM, CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE, COMPONENT OF NUCLEIC ACIDS, FAT ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT, AND GLUCOSE ABSORPTION?
- PHOSPHORUS
- WHAT FOODS MIGJT PHOSPHORUS BE CONTAINED IN?
- MILK, MEATS, FISH, POULTRY, EGGS, DRIED PEAS, NUTS
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO ANOREXIA, WEAKNESS, PARESTHESIAS, HYPERVENTILATION?
- PHOSPHORUS
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR PHOSPHORUS?
- 800 mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, ACID-BASE BALANCE, MUSCULAR IRRITABILITY, CELL PERMEABILITY, AND NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION?
- SODIUM
- WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF SODIUM?
- MEATS, VEGETABLES, CONDIMENTS, PICKLED FOODS, HAM, SOFT WATER, FOODS PREPARED IN BRINE SOLUTIONS, MILK, CARROTS, CELERY, BEETS, AND SPINACH
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO COLD AND CLAMMY SKIN, DECREASED SKIN TURGOR, APPREHENSION, TREMORS, SZ, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, N&V, AND DIARRHEA?
- SODIUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SODIUM?
- 1100-3300mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, ACID-BASE BALANCE, NERVE IMPULSE TRANSMISSION, STRIATED SKELETAL MUSCLE AND CARDIAC MUSCLE ACTIVITY, CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND AS A CATALYST FOR MANY METABOLIC REACTIONS?
- POTASSOIUM
- WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF POTASSIUM?
- WHOLE GRAINS, LEGUMES FRUITS, LEAFY VEGETABLES, BROCCOLI, SWEET POTATOES, MEAT, POTATOES, AND TOMATOES
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE CRAMPS AND WEAKNESS, CARDIAC MUSCLE WEAKNESS, ANOREXIA, N&V, MENTAL DEPRESSION AND CONFUSION, LETHARGY, ABDOMINAL DISTENTION, SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS, AND IRREGULAR PULSES?
- POTASSIUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR POTASSIUM?
- 1875-5625mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN BONE AND TOOTH FORMATION, SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION, CARB METABOLISM, PROTEIN SYSTHESIS, HORMONAL ACTIVITY, AND CELL REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH?
- MAGNESIUM
- WHAT ARE THE DIETARY SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM?
- LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES, NUTS, DRIED PEAS AND BEANS, SEAFOOD, COCOA, AND CHOCOLATE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO INCREASES NEUROMUSCULAR AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IRRITABILITY, LOSS OF MUSCULAR CONTROL, TREMORS, DISORIENTATION, TETANY, AND CONVULSIONS?
- MAGNESIUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MAGNESIUM?
- 350mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN FLUID BALANCE, AND AS A COMPONENT OF GASTRIC JUICE, AND ACID-BASE BALANCE?
- CHLORIDE
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SALT AND PROCESSED FOODS?
- CHLORIDE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE CRAMPS AND ANOREXIA?
- CHLORIDE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR CHLORIDE?
- NO RDA!!!
- THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF CARTILAGE, TENDONS, HAIR, AND NAILS?
- SULFUR
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SOME AMINO ACIDS AND SEVERAL B VITAMINS AND PROTEINS?
- SULFUR
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL DOES NOT OCCUR UNLESS SEVERE PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IS PRESENT?
- SULFUR
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SULFUR?
- NO RDA!!!
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN OXYGEN TRANSPORT VIA HEMOGLOBIN AND MYOGLOBIN AND ENZYME SYSTEM ACTIONS?
- IRON
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN LIVER, LEAN MEATS, ENRICHED AND WHOLE-GRAIN BREADS AND CEREALS?
- IRON
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MICROCYTIC ANEMIA, PALLORM DECREASED WORK CAPACITY, FATIGUE, WEAKNESS, SPOON-SHAPED NAILS?
- IRON
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR IRON?
- 10-18mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS AS A COMPONENT OF THYROID HORMONES?
- IODINE
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN IODIZED SALT, SEAFOOD, FOOD ADDITIVES, DOUGH CONDITIONERS, AND DAIRY DISINFECTANTS?
- IODINE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO GOITER?
- IODINE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR IODINE?
- 150mg
- THIS MINERAL FUNCTIONS IN TISSUE GROWTH,DEVELOPMENT AND HEALING, SEXUAL MATURATION AND REPRODUCTION, ENZYME FORMATION, AND IMMUNE RESPONSE?
- ZINC
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN OYSTERS, LIVER, MEATS, POULTRY, DRIED PEAS AND BEANS, NUTS?
- ZINC
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO IMPAIRED GROWTH, SEXUAL MATURATION, AND IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS, SKIN LESIONS, DECREASED SENSE OF TASTE AND SMELL?
- ZINC
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR ZINC?
- 15mg
- THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF ENZYMES FUNCTIONING AS ANTIOXIDANTS?
- SELENIUM
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SEAFOOD, MEAT, AND WHOLE GRAINS?
- SELENIUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR SELENIUM?
- .05-.2mg
- THIS MINERAL IS A COMPONENT OF ENZYMES FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION, HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS, AND TISSUE MAINTENANCE?
- COPPER
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN SHELLFISH, GRAINS, NUTS, LEGUMES, AND MEATS?
- COPPER
- DEFICIENCY LEADS TO ANEMIA, BONE DEMINERALIZATION , AND DECREASED IMMUNITY?
- COPPER
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR COPPER?
- 2-3mg
- THIS MINERAL IS AN ENZYME ACTIVATOR AND A CATALYST FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS?
- MANGANESE
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN NUTS, WHEAT BRAN, LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES, SEEDS, AND DRIED LEGUMES?
- MANGANESE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO MUSCLE PAIN, HEART ENLARGEMENT, AND HEART FAILURE?
- SELENIUM
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO WEIGHT LOSS AND SKIN LESIONS?
- MANGANESE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MANGANESE?
- 2-5 mg
- THIS MINERAL STRENGHTENS TOOTH AND BONE STRUCTURE?
- FLUORIDE
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN DRINKING WATER, TEA, AND FISH?
- FLUORIDE
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO DENTAL CARIES?
- FLUORIDE
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR FLUORIDE?
- 1.5-4mg
- THIS MINERAL FACILITATES GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY CELLS AND DECREASES SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES?
- CHROMIUM
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN BREWER'S YEAST, LIVER, OYSTERS, WHEAT PRODUCTS, AND LEGUMES?
- CHROMIUM
- DEFICIENCY OF THIS MINERAL LEADS TO IMPAIRED GLUCOSE METABOLISM?
- CHROMIUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR CHROMIUM?
- .05-.2mg
- THIS MINERAL IS A CONSTITUENT OF ENZYMES CATALYZING OXIDATIVE REACTIONS?
- MOLYBDENUM
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN ORGAN MEATS, LEGUMES, GRAINS, AND DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES?
- MOLYBDENUM
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR MOLYBDENUM?
- .15-.5mg
- THIS MINERAL IS A CONSTITUENT OF VITAMIN B12?
- COBALT
- THIS MINERAL IS FOUND IN LIVER, MEAT, MILK, CHEESE, AND EGGS?
- COBALT
- WHAT IS THE RDA FOR COBALT?
- NO RDA!!!
- IN WHAT YEAR WAS THE FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID ADOPTED?
- 1992
- HOW MANY SERVINGS PER DAY ARE RECOMMENDED FOR THE BREAD/CEREAL GROUP?
- 6-11
- HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC.FOR FRUITS?
- 2-4
- HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC.FOR VEGETABLES?
- 3-5
- HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC FOR DARK GREEN OR DEEP YELLOW VEGGIES?
- 1
- HOW MANY SERVINGS/DAY ARE RECC. FOR MILK AND MEAT GROUP?
- 2-3
- WHT INFORMATION DID THE NUTRITION LABELLING AND EDUCATION ACT OF 1990 PROVIDE FOR THE CONSUMER?
- NUTRITION FACTS ON FOOD PACKAGES EXPLAINING % OF DAILY VALUE FOR FAT, CHOLESTEROL, SODIUM,CARBS, PROTEIN, VITAMINS,AND NUTRIENTS
- WHAT DOES REE STAND FOR?
- RESTING EVERGY EXPENDITURE
- THE AVERAGE PERSON WITH A DAILY DEFICIT OF _____CALORIES WILL RESULT IN LOSS OF 1 LB PER WEEK?
- 500 CALORIES