Health Vocab Chapter 8
Terms
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- a group of organs that produce an release chemical substances
- Endocrine Glands
- the chemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands
- Hormones
- a small gland a the base of the brain
- Pituitary Glands
- regulates body temperature, use of water, and blood pressure
- Hypothalamus
- located above the kidneys, produce hormones affecting kidney function, metabolism, and response to stress
- Adrenal Glands
- a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is released in response to fear or stress; it causes heartbeat, blood pressure, and breathing rate to increase
- Adrenaline
- located at the front of the neck that regulate the rate of metabolism and help to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood
- Thyroid Glands
- four tiny endocrine glands attached to the back of the thyroid gland that regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body
- Parathyroid Glands
- a large gland located behind that stomach that is part of two systems, As an endocrine gland, it secretes hormones that control blood-sugar levels and as a digestive organ it secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine
- Pancreas
- a condition in which the body produces too much insulin, resulting in low blood sugar
- Hypoglycemia
- an endocrine gland located in the upper chest that helps to develop the body’s defense against infection
- Thymus
- two female reproductive glands located one on each side of the body a few inches below the waist
- Ovaries
- two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum
- Testes
- a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that acts in females to stimulate the estrogen production and the maturation of egg cells, and in males to stimulate sperm production
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
- a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that acts in females to stimulate ovulation and progesterone production and in males to stimulate sperm and testosterone production
- Luteinizing Hormone
- a hormone produced by the testes that affects the production of sperm, the development of male secondary sex characteristics, and the sex drive
- Testosterone
- male sex cells
- Sperm
- a hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle and helps to maintain the uterus during pregnancy
- Progesterone
- a hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates the development of female secondary sex characteristics and controls the sex drive
- Estrogen
- female sex cells; AKA eggs
- Ova
- a period of sexual development during which males and females become sexually mature and able to produce children
- Puberty
- the joining of the sperm cell with an egg cell
- Fertilization
- the external sac of kin in which the testes are located
- Scrotum
- a J-shaped tube located on the back of each testis in which sperm are stored for two to four days after they are formed
- Epididymis
- external sexual organ through which sperm leave the body
- Penis
- the tip of the penis
- Glans
- a surgical procedure in which the foreskin is removed from the penis
- Circumcision
- one of two tubes tat carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
- Vas Deferens
- the tube that passes from the bladder to the outside of the body, through which urine and, in males, semen, travel
- Urethra
- in males, a pair of glands located near the bladder that provide 60 percent of the fluid to semen
- Seminal Vesicles
- in males, a pair of glands located at the base of the penis that provide 5 percent of the fluid to semen
- Cowper’s Glands
- in males, a gland located near the bladder that provides 35 percent of the fluid to semen
- Prostate Gland
- a liquid that contains sperm as well as fluids provided by the seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands, and prostate gland
- Semen
- the ejection of semen from the penis
- Ejaculation
- erection and ejaculation during sleep
- Nocturnal Emission
- when a person is unable to reproduce
- Sterility
- a condition in which one of the testes does not descend into the scrotum at birth
- Undescended Testes
- occurs when part of the intestine pushes into the scrotum through a weak spot in the wall near the scrotum
- Inguinal Hernia
- the release of one or more eggs from an ovary
- Ovulation
- small tubes that carry the released eggs from the ovaries
- Fallopian Tubes
- a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ located between the two ovaries and behind the urinary bladder
- Uterus
- narrow base of the uterus that expands for birth
- Cervix
- birth canal that is a hollow, muscular passage leading from the uterus to the outside of the body
- Vagina
- the process during which an egg matures and is released and the uterus prepares to receive it
- Menstrual Cycle
- the lining of the uterus
- Endometrium
- the discharge of blood and tissue
- Menstruation
- PMS- discomfort experienced before the menstrual period that is marked by nervous tension, mood swings, headaches, bloating, and is believed to be caused by a dramatic change in hormone levels
- Premenstrual Syndrome
- period of life in which the ovaries slow down their hormone production and no longer release mature eggs
- Menopause
- a vaginal infection or irritation with symptoms such as a thick discharge, odors, vaginal itching, and a burning sensation during urination
- Vaginitis
- a condition in which tissue from the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, in the pelvic cavity
- Endometriosis
- a bacterial infection characterized by sudden high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness, occurring chiefly among women who use tampons
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- a medical procedure in which a sample of cells is taken from the cervix and examined under a microscope for signs of cancer
- Pap Test
- an X-ray of the breast that detects breast cancer
- Mammogram
- the passing on of biological characteristics from parent to child
- Heredity
- tiny structures found within almost every cell that carry information about the characteristics you will inherit.
- Chromosomes
- DNA- chemical substance that makes up chromosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- a section of a chromosome that determines a singe trait
- Gene
- an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes
- Genetic Disorder
- a genetic blood disorder that occurs most often among people of African descent and is characterized by red blood cells with an abnormal sickle shape
- Sickle-Cell Disease
- characterized by the lack of an important chemical in the brain
- Tay-Sachs Disease
- a rare metabolic disorder that can cause severe mental retardation in infants
- Phenylketonuria
- a recessive disorder that occurs mainly among people of Caucasian descent in which the lungs and pancreas secrete abnormally thick mucus
- Cystic Fibrosis
- the gene for the disorder is found on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome
- Sex-Linked Disorders
- a condition in which the person lacks a protein needed for muscle function
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
- person’s blood does not clot properly
- Hemophilia
- a disorder that is the result of an extra chromosome (21)
- Down Syndrome