Bio- Day 1
Terms
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What is the function of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
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1) Filter & clean air
2) Humidify (moisten) inhaled air
- Nose
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Breathes in air
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Nasal cavity
- lined with mucus and cilia, sends info to olfactory cortex
- pharynx
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tube from nasal cavity to esophagus
- nasopharynx
- posterior to nasal cavity, serves only as air passageway
- larynx
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voice box;
1. provide an open airway
2. act as a switching mechanism to route air & food into proper channels
3. voice production
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epiglottis
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covers trachea; opens to breathe, closes for food
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hard palate
- made of bone, cews food
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soft palate
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blocks passage of food from going up to nose
- uvula
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prevents food from going up nose
- trachea
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keep air passage open, where air flows
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bronchi (primary)
- air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli, cleans, warms and moistens incoming air
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What is the function of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
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Gas exchange
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alveolar ducts
- walls consist of diffusely arranged rings of smooth muscle cells, connective tissue fibers, and outpocketing alveoli
- alveolar sac
- cluster of alveoli
- alveoli
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individual air sacs
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Alveolar cells (Type 1 cells)
- lines inside of air sacs; simple, epithelial tissu, allows for diffusion of gas
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Surfactant-secreting cells (Type 2 cells)
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prevents collapse (sticky cells collapse)
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Air-blood barrier
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exchanges of gas between air and blood
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Alveolar macrophages
- last fom of defense (eat viruses)
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conducting zone --> respiratory zone
Hyaline cartilage
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loss in reinforcing cartilage
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conducting zone --> respiratory zone
tissue type
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stratified to simple epithelium for gas exchange
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conducting zone --> respiratory zone
mucus-secreting cells
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loss of ability to secrete mucus
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conducting zone --> respiratory zone
smooth muscle
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increase in smooth muscle (allows bronchiole constriction)
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visceral pleura
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closest to lungs, 1st membrane
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parietal pleura
- outer membrane, 2nd membrane
- pleurisy
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inflammation of pleurae
- What is the effect of hyposecretion of pleural fluid
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will attach and stick to each other
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What is the effect of hypersecretion of pleural fluid?
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Lungs can't expand and gets compressed
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What keeps the lungs normally inflated?
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negative pressure of pleural cavity keeps lungs inflated
- What occurs during inspiration?
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- diaphragm contracts and lowers
- intercoastal muscles contract and widen
- volume increase
- pressure decrease
- cavity is widened
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What occurs during expiration?
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- diaphragm relaxes
- intercoastal muscles relaxes
- volume decreases
- pressure increases
- air is exhaled out of lungs
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What is the equation for gas exchange at lungs?
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C02 + H2O <-- H2CO3<- H+ + HCO3-
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What is the role of pons in respiration?
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Prevents the lungs from overfilling with oxygen
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Why can't you hold your breath until you run out of oxygen?
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co2/h+ activates brain centers to force breathing