Anatomy TEST 2: set 3
Terms
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- Macrophages are elevated in:
- chronic infections (tb)
- the normal concentration of white blood cells in blood?
- 4000 - 11000 per cmm.
- Granulocytes have a life span of
- a few hours to a few days
- agranulocytes live how much longer than granulocytes?
- 100-300 days
- Leukocytosis:
- higher than normal white blood count (greater than 11000)
- Leukocytosis occurs in
- acute and chronic infections
- Leukopenia is a
- lower than normal white blood count. (less than 4000)
- leukopenia can be caused from
- certain drugs particularly glucocorticoids adn anti-cancer drugs.
- leukemias are associated with
- very high white blood counts. It is a cancerous condition of the white blood cell producing tissue
- myelocytic leukemia
- leukemia where the leukemic cells are derived from the myeloblast.
- lymphocytic leukemia
- leukemia where the leukemic cells are derived from lymphoblast.
- leukemias may develop ______ or ________
- rapidly (acute) or progress slowly (chronic)
- leukemias from blastic cells are
- acute
- leukmias from later developmental stages are
- chronic
- children tend to have___________ while older ppl tend to have
- acute leukemias, chronic.
- Infectious mononucleosis is a
- highly contagious disease caused by the epstein-barr virus.
- infectious mononucleouis is associated with
- high levels of agranulocytes
- leukopoiesis refers to the
- formation of white blood cells
- white blood cell formation is stimulated by
- hormones from certain shite blood cells. These hormones are termed colony-stimulating factors (csf's)
- The colonly stimulating factors that have been identified to date includes:
- granulocyte colony stimulating factor (gcsf), macrophage-monocyte colony stimulating factor (m-csf), multicolony stimulatign factor(multi-csf or interleukin 3).
- some of the csf's are being used clinically to:
- stimulate white blood cell formation in cancer patients undergoig chemotherapy ad in individuals with compromised immune systems (aids patients)
- in the formation of white blood cells, the myeloid stem cell does what
- differentiates into a myeloblast or a monoblast.
- the myeloblast then does what?
- goes on to form the three granulocyte cell types.
- the monoblast does what?
- form monycytes
- in the lymphoid lineage the lymphoid stem cell forms:
- lymphoblast
- the lymphoblast then does what:
- differentiates into the various types of lymphocytes.
- in the formation of platelets, the hemocytoblast first:
- form the megakaryoblast.
- the megakaryoblast develops into
- megakaryocyte
- the megakaryocyte then fragments to form
- many platelets.
- platelets lack
- nuclei
- platelets can under go
- amoeboid movement
- platelets are also known as
- thrombocytes
- the formation of platelets is regulated by the hormone
- thrombopoietin
- Platelets are present in the blood at a concentration of
- 250,000-500,000/cmm
- platelets have a life span of
- 5-10 days
- platelets are destroyed by
- the liver and spleen
- hemostasis refers to
- all of the mechanisms which stop bleeding
- damage to a blood vessel exposes _________ from the ___________________.
- collegen, subendothelial connective tissue
- platelets stick to ___________ that has been coated with a protein, secreted by ___________.
- collagen, endothelial cells (von willebrand factor)
- the reaction of platelets sticking to collegen coated with a protein initiates the
- platelet release reaction.
- what is the platelet release reaction
- platelets release ADP, serotonin, and a prostaglandin termed "thromboxane a2"
- serotonin and thromboxane a2 cause
- vascular spasms and vasoconstriction in the immediate area.
- vascular spasms and vasoconstriction do what during hemostasis
- reduces blood flow through the severed vessel during hemostasis.
- the formation of a platelet plug helps to do waht
- plug up the end of a severed vessel.
- ADP and thromboxane A2 cause platelets to do waht?
- aggregate atthe site of injury and form a plug to reduce blood loss.
- Blood clotting involves the formation of a
- fibrin network or clot
- blood clotting may occur by an
- intrinsic pathwayand an extrinsic pathway
- the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway lead to.
- a common pathway
- after a clot is formed, the clot ay
- retract due to contraction of platelets to form a compact plug in a severed vessel.
- the intrinsic pathway is initiated by
- factors within the blood
- the intrinsic pathway mechanism begins when
- plasma contacts negative surfaces such as collagen or glass
- the contact of plasma to negative surfaces activates waht
- factor XII. (hageman factor)
- Factor XII is a __________ and activates _________
- protease, factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent-PTA)
- Factor XI activates
- factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component-PTC)
- After factor XI activates factor IX, the next step is
- formation of factor VIII complex
- the four components of factor VIII complex are
- factor VIII (anti-hemophilic factor AHF), activated factor IX, calcium ions, platelet phospholipids (platelet factor 3 PF3)
- platelet pohospholipids (platelet factor 3) is released during?
- platelet release reaction.
- Factor VIII leads into
- the common pathway
- HI
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