Classical Europe Terms to Know
Terms
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- Relating to the ancient Greek and Roman world
- Classical
- Greek term for "city-state"
- polis
- form of government in which citizens choose the nation's leaders by voting for them
- Democracy
- term derived from Greek, meaning "love of wisdom"
- philosophy
- nation with a strong national government headed by elected leaders
- republic
- elected chief official of the Roman Republic
- consul
- legislative body of government; the supreme council of the ancient Roman Republic
- Senate
- absolute ruler of an empire
- emperor
- Official of the Catholic Church
- Bishop
- head of Roman Catholic Church
- Pope
- teacher of Christianity
- missionary
- place where monks live, pray, and study
- monastery
- place where nuns live, pray, and study
- convent
- unwritten set of laws based on local customs
- common law
- political and social system in which a lord gave land to a noble to work, govern, and defend, in return for the noble's loyalty
- feudalism
- noble in medieval society who swore loyalty to a lord in return for land
- vassal
- feudal estate made up of a manor house or castle and land
- manor
- farmer or other who pays rent to another for the use of land or property
- tenant
- peasant laborer
- serf
- medieval workers' organization
- guild
- young worker who learned a trade or skill from a master teacher
- apprentice
- written agreement guaranteeing privileges and freedoms
- charter
- pardons for sins, given or sold by the Catholic Church
- indulgences
- person who "protested" Catholic practices; today, a member of a non-Catholic Christian church
- Protestant
- reform
- to improve by changing
- process in which people, diseases,ides, and trade were distributed around the world from the Americas
- Columbian Exchange
- great and often violent change
- revolution
- belief that royalty ruled by the will of God
- divine right of kings
- supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and other countries
- Parliament
- formal agreement that establishes the basis for a country's laws
- constitution