Block 2 PATH Exam -- Toxicology Lecture
Terms
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- MDMA
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Ecstacy
White, odorless, crystalline powder
Facilitates release of catecholamines
Potent releaser of SEROTONIN
Peak concentration in 2 h, Duration of 3-6 h - GHB
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Liquid Ecstasy
White, odorless powder
Affects GABA-B and GHB receptors, causing CNS depression
Increases Dopamine levels
Peak concentration in 30-60 min, Duration of 3-4 h - Rohypnol
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Odorless, tasteless, white/blue tablet
Affects GABA-A receptors
10x more potent than diazepam
Causes sedation
Peak concentration in 2 h, Duration of 8 h or more - Ketamine
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Liquid or white powder
Anesthetic
NMDA-receptor antagonist
Excitation of neurons in the CNS
Analgesic effects via opioid receptors
Lasts longer if taken orally - Methamphetamine
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White, odorless, crystalline powder
Facilitates release of catecholamines
Blocks re-uptake - LSD
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Colorless, odorless
Agonist action at serotonin receptors
Peaks at 30 - 90 min, Duration of 4 - 6 h - Use of Thiamine
- Reverse malnutrition of alcoholism
- Use of Glucagon
- Reverses dysrhythmias and hypotension
- Use of Methylene blue
- Clear the body of methemoglobin after nitro overdose
- Use of Sodium Bicarbonate
- Reverses acidosis
- Use of clonidine
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Relieves autonomic symptoms of OPIOID withdrawal
N/V, cramps, sweating, etc. - Use of Folic acid
- Reverse depletion of stores associated with methanol intoxication
- Hyperbaric Oxygen
- Used to treat CO poisoning
- Use of Heavy metal chelators
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Remove free heavy metal from circulation
British anti-lewisite -- LEAD
2,3 dimercaptosuccinic acid -- LEAD, ARSENIC, MERCURY - Use of Naloxone
- Reverses the effects of opiates and propoxyphene
- Use of N-acetylcysteine
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Replenishes glutathione levels
Prevents liver damgage from acetaminophen OD - Use of Ethanol
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Can prevent effects of methanol or ethylene glycol toxicity
Competes for same enzyme - 4-methylpyrazole
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Inhibitor of Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Higher affinity for enzyme than methanol or ethylene glycol - Pyridoxine
- Counteracts pyridoxine anemia in pts. takins Isonizaid
- Physostigmine
- Reverses the effects of acute anti-cholinergic poisonings
- Pralidoxime
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Cholinesterase reactivator
Reverses effect of organophosphate pesticides - Flumazenil
- Reverses the effects of benzodiazepines