Europe 1815-1871
Princeton Review Book, UA, Petti
Terms
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- Conservatism
- This was the political idea in which the people regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions and the proper state and society remained those before the French Revolution which rested on a judicious blend on monarchy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, and respectful commoners
- Edmund Burke
- Wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790). Big Ideas were 1. Attack on principle of rights of man 2. Natural law as fundamentally dangerous to social order 3. Emphasis on roles of tradition as basic underpinning for rights of those in positions of authority Member of Huse of Commons Proposed that conservatism is no necessesarily reactionary in nature and in the possibly of slow change over time
- Joseph de Maistre
- Èmigrè during French Revolution. Argued that the Church should stand as basis of society because all political authority stems from God. Advocated that monarchs should be stern to those who advocate political reform
- Nationalism
- The idea that all people's identities are defined by their connection with a nation and that it is to this nation that they owe their primary loyalty to. The love of your country and willingness to sacrifice for it. It helps to establish national unity and national identity
- Grimm Brothers
- collected and published local German fairy tales, work is example of Romantic German nationalism
- Liberalism
- Emphasis on natural rights of an individual, support writing of constitutions, and formation of parliamentary bodies. Want to protect the rights of the individual, limit power of the state, emphasize rights to religious freedom, freedom of speech, and equality
- Adam Smith
- Wrote Wealth of Nations: 3 big ideas 1. Nations wealth determined by goods prodiced by labor of citizens 2. Specialists have natural skills and can produce their specialties faster than others 3. Trade can enrich everyone Invisible hand economics
- Thomas Malthus
- Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.
- David Ricardo
- (1772-1823) Principles of Political Economy, written in 1817, developed Ricardo's famous "iron law of wages": rise of population means rise of amount of workers, which cause wages to fall below the subsistence level, resulting in misery and starvation
- John Stuart Mill
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