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Africa & Middle East Religions Vocab

For Croco Social Studies. Includes Judaism, Christianity, and Islam vocab words an definitions.

Terms

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Muessin
Islam- Crier who calls people to prayer 5x/day from the Minaret
Hieroglyphics
A form of Egyptian writing with pictures that stand for words or sounds
Covenant
An agreement (with God)
Holocaust
Judaism- The mass slaughter of Jews in Nazi concentration camps during WWII
Bar/Bat Mitzvah
Judaism- Ceremony held to admit a Jewish boy or girl as an adult, usually around 13 years old after a course of study
Lent
Christianity- Season of fasting and penitence from Ash Wednesday to Easter
Five Pillars of Faith
Islam- Five obligations all Muslims must fulfill
Dreidel
Judaism- 4-sided top bearing Hebrew words, used in children's games at Hanukah
Hajj
Islam- Pilgrimage to Mecca, every adult Muslim supposed to make at least once in his/her lifetime, 5th Pillar of Islam
Mezuzah
Judaism- Scroll enscribed with Biblical passages on one side, other side the word Shaddai (name applied to God) in a case, sometimes attached to the door
Delta
A fan-shaped fertile area, usually where a river empties into a sea
Theocracy
A government controlled by religious leaders
Sabbath
Judaism- Seventh day of the week (Saturday), day of rest and religious observance
Pyramid
Massive tombs made to protect the Pharaoh's body from harm
Talmud
Judaism- Collection of Jewish law and tradition, Mishnah and Gemara
Christmas
Christianity- Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, December 25th
Polytheism
The worship of many gods and goddesses instead of just one
Kosher
Judaism- Food allowed to be eaten, according to ceremonial laws
Monotheism
A religion that worships only 1 god
Cuneiform
Form of writing invented by Sumerians, made or markings shaped like wedges
New Testament
Christianity- The covenant between God and humans in which the dispensation of grace is revealed through Jesus Christ
Menorah
Judaism- 9-branched candle-holder, ceremonial use during Hanukah
Papyrus
A plant that grows along the Nile, used for making paper
Easter
Christianity- Christian festival celebrating the resurrection of Jesus
Jihad
Islam- Holy war undertaken as sacred duty by Muslims
Holy Thursday
Christianity- The Thursday before Easter, holy day, anniversary of the Last Supper
Messiah
Messenger or savior sent from God
City-State
A small state or nation, usually a city with farmland around it
Mihrab
Islam- Niche in the wall of a mosque or the middle of a prayer rug that points toward Mecca during worship
Pogroms
Judaism- Organized massacre or persecution of the Jewish or any minority group
Bible
Christianity- The collection of sacred writings of Christian religion, Old and New Testaments
Civilization
A highly developed culture
Prophet
A person God speaks through
Missionary
Christianity- A person sent by a church to spread the word of Christianity
Pharaoh
"Great House", Egyptian ruler, priest, and god
Empire
Group of states under one ruler
Good Friday
Christianity- The Friday before Easter, holy day, and anniversary of Jesus's Crucifixion
Eid-al-Fitr
Islam- End of Ramadan, end of the holy month of fasting
Caliph
Islam- Spiritual leader, claiming succession from Muhammad
Disciple
Christianity- A follower of Jesus
Torah
Judaism- Pentateuch, first of three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament
Minaret
Islam- Tall tower or turret attatched to a mosque, from which the Muessin calls people to prayer
Diaspora
Judaism- Scattering of Jews to countries outside of Palestine after Babylonian captivity
Hanukah
Judaism- 8-day festival celebrating 165 B.C. rededication of the Temple at Jerusalem, and Maccabees victory over Antiochus Epiphanes

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