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World History: Chapter 14

Terms

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What are the names of the key city-states of northern Italy?
Venice, Florence, Genoa, and Pisa.
What does the word "Renaissance" mean?
Re-birth in classical learning.
What is a humanist?
Scholars who had interest in people and beauty.
What two industries began in the city-states?
Banking and the woolen industry.
Who was Machiavelli? What book did he write? Summarize the book.
An author who wrote "The Prince", a book on how to be a good ruler.
Compare Machiavelli and Thomas More and their view on politics.
Machiavelli talked about how it was okay to lie and More talks about a 'utopia' where nobody lies or does anything bad.
Petrarch.
He loved the classics, and the readings and writings of Cicero.
Castiglione.
Wrote "The Courtier"
Leonardo da Vinci
A painter, scientist, and musician. Works of art: Mona Lisa, and Last Supper
Giotto
A Florentine painter, loved to paint pictures of St. Francis.
Fra Angelico
A Florentine painter, a Dominican monk. Works of art: "The Annunciation"
Fra Lippi
A Florentine painter, a Carmelite monk, was influenced by Fra Angelica. Works of art: "Virgin Adoring the Christ Child"
Botticelli
A Florentine painter, favorite subject was historical and mythology, painted translucent veils. Works of art: "Birth of Venus", "Primavera"
Michelangelo
A painter, sculptor, architect. Florentine artist. Works of art: "David", "Moses", "Pieta"
Raphael
Died at the age of 37, known for Madonnas. Works of art: "The Madonna of the Chair"
Bellini
Went to the Venetian school, painted light and color. Work of art: "Sacred Allegory"
Giorgione
Venetian school, mythology favorite topic Works of art: "The Tempest", "Judgement of Solomon"
Titian
Lived to age 99 Work of art: "Venus of Urbino"
Tintoretto
Venetian school. Work of art: "Paradise"
Donatello
A sculptor, knowledge of anatomy, Venetian school Work of art: "Gattematella"
Ghiberti
Goldsmith. Work of art: "Gates of Paradise"
Brunelleschi
Was an architect, did Dome of Cathedral in Florence.
Thomas More
Writer, chancler of England, wrote "Utopia"
Van Eyck
Invented oil paints.
Erasmus
Writer and humanist Work of art: "Praise of Folley"
Durer
German wood cutter and engraver Work of art: "Praying Hands"
Holbein
Court painter to Henry VIII, illustrated Luther's bible.
Brueghel
Work of art: "Harvesters"
Rembrandt
Dark backgrounds Work of art: "Night Watch"
Shakespeare
An Elizabethian writer
Cervantes
Spanish writer, wrote "Don Quixote"
Verocchio
Florentine school. Work of art: "Baptism of Christ"
What were some of da Vinci's accomplishments?
Flying machines, parachute, mechanical car, armored car, scaling ladder, polish for concale mirrors, machine to mint coins, cities with levels for cars and pedestrians, polishing needles, gears, jack, file cutter, roller bearings.
What were the differences found in the Venetian and Florentine schools of art?
In the Florentine school, they were patronized by the De Medeci family, many religious pictures, human-like figures, beautiful colors, and Madonnas. In the Venetian school, they were patronized by the Doges family, painted historical and mythological, blue skies and landscape, beautiful colors, and themes such as motherhood, friendship, and love.
What family patronized the arts of Florence?
De Medeci
What is perspective?
The use of background in a picture.
Why is moveable type considered a great invention?
It helped to spread ideas of the Renaissance and it reduced the cost of books.
Who invented the printing press?
Gutenburg
How did the life of women improve or decline during the Renaissance times?
It stayed mostly the same, they had to stay home to look after the kids, they had no political power, but a few more were granted the ability to learn.
What are frescoes?
Paintings on wet plaster.
What river is Florence located on?
Arno River
What type of writing did Leonardo da Vinci use? Why?
Mirrored, so no one could steal his ideas.
Who was the Universal Man of the Renaissance? Why was that his name?
Leonardo da Vinci. Because he did a variety of things and he had many talents.
What was the Renaissance marked by?
The new interest in the culture of Ancient Rome.
The Renaissance was a time of creativity and great changes in areas such as what?
Political, social, economical, and cultural.
Renaissance thinkers explored what?
The richness and variety of human experience in the here and now.
What did the Renaissance support?
A spirit of adventure and curiosity.
What did humanists believe?
Education should stimulate the individual's creative powers.
What bare the humanities?
Subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history.
Why did the Renaissance originally emerge in Italy?
Renaissance thinkers had an interest in Roman culture, and Italy had been the center of Roman culture. Italy's location on the Med. Se encouraged trade.
How was Italy divided?
Into many small city-states, each were ruled by a wealthy and powerful family, the families exerted political and economic leadership, and their interest in art and emphasis on personal achievement helped spread the Renaissance.
What is a patron?
A financial supporter.
How did Renaissance artists portray religious themes?
The set religious figures such as Jesus and Mary in Greek or Roman backgrounds.
How did art change from Roman, to medieval, to Renaissance?
Roman art was realistic, medieval was more stylized, and Renaissance turned to realism of classical times.
What inspired Filippo Brunelleschi to build the dome on the cathedral in Florence?
The dome of the Pantheon in Rome.
What astounding invention aided the spread of Renaissance around 1455?
The first printed complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with moveable type.
In what prosperous cities did the northern Renaissance begin?
Flanders
How did Northern European humanists and writers helped spread Renaissance ideas?
Humanist scholars stressed education and classical learning.
Who was François Rabelais?
A monk, physician, Greek scholar, and author. He wrote "Gargantua and Pantagruel".

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