ch 13 ID's 47-81
49-52 michael fassett
41-5 Connor Dugard (todreynard43)
41-5 Connor Dugard (todreynard43)
Terms
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- Leonardo Da Vinci
- Italian painter, engineer, scientist. The most versatile genius of the renaissance. Mona Lisa
- perspective
- By making distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer and using shading artists could paint scenes that looked three dimentional.
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- Politics, "better to be feared then loved but not hated" writer, works w/ gov't, power, & instability "the ends justifies the means"
- Ferdinand of Aragon
- (1479-1516) won the first Italian War against Charles VII of France, married Isabella of Castile, led the Reconquista and began the Inquisition with his wife
- Francois Rebelais
- A well known french writer who wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel, a folk epic and comic masterpiece that satirized French society. Attacked clerical education and monastic orders; championed secular learning
- Conversos/New Christians
- Jewish people of Spain who were forced by King Ferdinand to convert to Christianity. Those who chose not to convert were killed.
- Tudor dynasty
- 1485-1603 Henry VII gained power and ended wars of nobility/"livery and maintenence". Established Courty of Star Chamber that tortured nobles.
- gabelle and taille
- salt tax and land tax that were instituted by Charles VII to strengthen royal finances
- giotto
- led the way in the use of realism, treatement of the body and face replaced formal stiffness
- Raphael
- Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520), (1483-1520)Student of Michelangelo's; figures are soft and reflect inner beauty; Madonna and child series; fattened and ezaggerated his paintings; most famous painting is "The School Of Athens"(1517) which was very balanced, best example of perspective shows essence of age; "St.George and Dragon"(uses pyramid)
- Donatello
- Sculptor in many media: one of the most progressive artists of the early Italian Quattrocentro from Florence, Italian sculptor renowned as a pioneer of the Renaissance style with his natural, lifelike figures, such as the bronze statue David.
- Gallican Liberties
- the special rights of the French crown over the Church. It gave the French crown control over the appointment of bishops and deprived the pope of French ecclesiastical revenues.
- King Henry VII
- The first Tudor king. Eliminated royal claimant to the throne, avoided costly foreign wars, and increased royal power over the nobles.
- Pope Julius II
- The "Warrior-Pope"; most involved in war and politics; personally led armies against enemies; instituted reconstruction on St. Peter's Basilica.
- Benvenuto Cellini
- A goldsmith and sculptor who wrote an autobiography, famous for its arrogance and immodest self-praise.
- Hermandades
- "Brotherhoods"; popular groups in the towns given authority to act as local police forces and as judicial tribunals. They repressed violience with such savage punishments that by 1498 they were disbanded.
- Reconquista
- referred to the wars of the northern Christian kings fought in order to control the entire peninsula, some of the religious objectives were to convert and expel the Muslims and Jews. (p.442)
- Thomas More
- wrote Utopia- an English lawyer, author, and statesman who gained a reputation as a leading humanist scholar of his time. He occupied many political offices, including Chancellor where he was known for having Protestant Christians burned at the stake. His most famous writing was Utopia, which describes the political arrangements of the imaginary island country of Utopia.
- Pope Nicholas V
- Collected thousands of manuscripts and planned the Vatican library.
- Christian Humanism
- is the belief that human freedom and individualism are compatible with the practice of Christianity or intrinsic in its doctrine, Part of the northern Renaissance which had an emphasis on early Church writings that provided answers on how to improve society and reform the Church. It drew on Hebrew and Greek texts of the Bible and writings of the Church Fathers. The writings led to criticism of the Church, ultimately the Reformation
- lorenzo ghiberti
- sculptor, made the gates of paradise for the florence cathedral
- filippo brunelleschi
- architect, known for his beautiful buildings, Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance (1377-1446)
- Masaccio
- Painter: one of the most progressive artists of the early Italian Quattrocentro from Florence
- Jan Van Eyck
- Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
- Leon Battista Alberti
- Italian architect and painter, Florence - "On the Family" - said,"Men can do all things if they will."
- Pico della Mirandola
- Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to what man can accomplish.
- Lancaster and York
- Two aristocratic houses of England who fough for the English throne in the War of the Roses.
- chiaroscuro
- The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth.
- Wars of the Roses
- struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII
- Jerome (Hieronymus) Bosch
- An eccentric Dutch painter of religious visions who dealt in particular with the torments of hell.
- Desiderius Erasmus
- Dutch Renaissance humanist and Christian theologian who wrote in a "pure" Latin style. wrote The Praise of Folly an attack on the traditions of the Catholic Church and popular superstitions.
- Secularism
- The emphasis on the here and-now rather than on the spiritual and otherworldly.
- Lorenzo Valla,On the False Donation of Constantine
- (1406-1457) On Pleasure, and On the False Donation of Constantine, which challenged the authority of the papacy. Father of modern historical criticism.
- michelangelo
- artist, worked in rome, the main characteristics of high renaissance are shown in his work
- Francesco Petrarch
- one of the first humanists, lived from 1304 to 1374, famous scholar/teacher/poet, believed that classical writings (greek and roman) should be studied and imitated
- Inquisition
- authorized in November 1478 by Pope Sixtus IV. On Sept. 28, 1480, Ferdinand and Isabella ordered the establishment of tribunals to "search out and punish converts from Judaism who had transgressed against Christianity by secretly adhering to Jewish beliefs and performing rites of the Jews."
- Isabella of Castile
- The wife of Ferdinand of Aragon and queen of Spain. Their marriage constituted a dynastic union of two royal houses instead of the political union of two peoples.
- Baldassare Castiglione
- The Book of The Courtier. Described the ideal of a Renaissance man who was well versed in the Greek and Roman classics, and accomplished warrior, could play music, dance, and had a modest but confident personal demeanor. It outlined the qualities of a true gentleman.
- Charles VII of France
- He began France's long recovery after the Hundred Years' War. He made important contributions to France by reorganizing the royal council, strengthening royal finances through issuing taxes; he also remodeled the army, and took France out of an economic depression. (p.440)
- King Louis XI of France
- Son of Charles XII,nicknamed the Spider King. He strengthened the bureaucracy, kept the nobles under royal control, and promoted trade and agriculture. Above all, he worked to unite all French feudal lands under his crown.