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Ancient Greece

Terms

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Ostracism
temporary banishment of a citizen, decided upon by popular vote
Thucydides
Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles
Herodotus
Greek historian whose writings, chiefly concerning the Persian Wars, are the earliest known examples of narrative history
Hellenic Culture
regarded by many as one of the most creative periods in world history. Works developed in this period inspired developments not only in Rome and Western Europe, but also among Persians, Buddhists and Muslims as well
Socrates
469?-399 b.c., Athenian philosopher socrates wrote nothing, his method of question and answer is captured in the dialogues of Plato, his greatest pupil
Athens
The capital and largest city of Greece, in the eastern part of the country near the Saronic Gulf. It was at the height of its cultural achievements and imperial power in the fifth century B.C. during the time of Pericles
Hoplite
a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece
Pisistratus
Athenian tyrant remembered for encouraging athletic contests and literary efforts.
Mycenaeans
being the Aegean civilization that spread its influence from Mycenae to many parts of the Mediterranean region from about 1580 to 1120 B.C.
Dorian Invasion
according to the ancient Greeks, a group of men from the North, who spoke Greek, invaded the Peloponnese. There could have been such an invasion, in which case it might explain the loss of the Mycenaean civilization
Aristocracy
a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges
Acropolis
the citadel or high fortified area of an ancient Greek city
Peloponnesian Wars
War chiefly between Athens and Sparta, caused by growing distrust and jealousy between the two large city-states
Phalanx
a group of heavily armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep, with shields joined and long spears overlapping
Solon
Athenian statesman
Aristotle
Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.
Tyranny
arbitrary or unrestrained exercise of power
Persian Wars
Series of wars fought between Persia and Greece
Helots
One of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta
Alexander the Great
356-323 b.c., king of Macedonia 336-323: conqueror of Greek city-states and of the Persian empire from Asia Minor and Egypt to India.
Hellenistic Age
The period from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 b.c. to the middle of the first century b.c. It was marked by Greek and Macedonian emigration to areas conquered by Alexander and by the spread of Greek civilization from Greece to northern India
Oligarchy
a form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique
Polis
an ancient Greek city-state
Delian League
Several Ionian cities joined together in the Delian League for mutual protection against the Persians. They placed Athens at the head because of her naval supremacy
Sparta
an ancient city in S Greece: the capital of Laconia and the chief city of the Peloponnesus, at one time the dominant city of Greece: famous for strict discipline and training of soldiers.
Monarchy
a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch
Archon
a higher magistrate in ancient Athens
Plato
Greek philosopher. A follower of Socrates, he presented his ideas through dramatic dialogues, in the most celebrated of which (The Republic) the interlocutors advocate a utopian society ruled by philosophers trained in Platonic metaphysics. He taught and wrote for much of his life at the Academy, which he founded near Athens in 386.
Minoans
native or inhabitant of ancient Crete
Pericles
Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.
Democracy
a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system
Cleisthenes
Athenian statesman
Homer
greek poet who is famous for writing the Odyssey and Illiad
Ephors
one of a body of magistrates in various ancient Dorian states

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