Chapter 2
This is a study set for chapter 2, beginning in Sumer and ending with the Aryans.
Terms
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- King David
- lived 1000 - 970 BCE. Much-loved king of Hebrews. Wrote poetry.
- Wheel
- developed in Sumer. helped trade because it created easier ways to carry goods.
- Jews
- inhabitants of Judea and deportees from Assyrian-conquered Israel.
- Monotheism
- belief in only one god
- Social Classes
- developed because of wealth differences
- Indo-Europeans
- migrated from steppes in central Asia to modern-day Iran and India. pastoral people with horse-drawn carts and (later) chariots.
- Cuniform
- first style of writing. developed in Sumer.
- Sumer
- first population center/ civiliazation. Cities emerged 4000 BCE, but between 3200 and 2350 BCE they became city-states. developed cuniform writing.
- Pastoral
- peoples who are this way raise livestock
- King Solomon
- lived 970 - 930 BCE. Wise king of Hebrews. had MANY wives and concubines.
- Hittites
- toppled Hammurabi's empire 1595 BCE. from Anatolia (Asia Minor). made high-quality iron products. *Biblical*
- Concubine
- means "lower wife" and does NOT mean a *****
- Hebrews
- early name for Jews/ Israelites. followers of Abraham. monotheistic people. circa 2000 BCE.
- Assyrians
- circa 1300 - 612 BCE. had powerful, iron-clad army. had cuniform library. unpopular rule led to mutiny in 612 BCE. *Biblical*
- Phoenicians
- settled in the area circa 3000 BCE. shipbuilding a major trade. developed early alphabetical script. called "carriers of civilization" and colonized the Mediterranean
- Sargon of Akkad
- lived 2370 - 2315 BCE. Lead coup against king of Kush and united Sumer for a time. He seized trade routes and natural resources. His policies weakened Akkad until the empire collapsed circa 2000 BCE
- Polytheism
- belief in more than one god
- Patriarchal society
- male-dominated society
- Nebuchadnezzar
- lived 605 - 562 BCE. Rebuilt Babylon, built Hanging Gardens.
- Mesopotamia
- means "the land between the rivers"
- Lex Talionis
- Hammurabi's law code includes this and importance of social status. means "law of retribution"
- Assyrian cities
- Assur and Ninevah. *Heaven -HAVEIN*
- Hammurabi
- lived 1792 - 1750 BCE. Centralized the bureaucracy and regulated taxation. Empire's capital was Babylon.
- City-States
- Sumerian: Kush, Nippur, Ur, etc. Had its own government to sponsor wall-building, military advancement, irrigation
- Gilgamesh
- legendary king, written about in cuniform.
- Neo-Babylonians
- new Babylonian Empire. 600-550 BCE. also known as Chaldeans. *Biblical* *Tower of Babel*
- Shipbuilding
- Chaldean specialty. increased trade by developed trade networks over seas.
- Metalurgy
- development of metal tools and goods.
- Aryans
- inhabitants in the area now called Iran and India.
- Moses
- law-giver of Hebrews. writings of stories become Torah.