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Chapter 2

This is a study set for chapter 2, beginning in Sumer and ending with the Aryans.

Terms

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King David
lived 1000 - 970 BCE. Much-loved king of Hebrews. Wrote poetry.
Wheel
developed in Sumer. helped trade because it created easier ways to carry goods.
Jews
inhabitants of Judea and deportees from Assyrian-conquered Israel.
Monotheism
belief in only one god
Social Classes
developed because of wealth differences
Indo-Europeans
migrated from steppes in central Asia to modern-day Iran and India. pastoral people with horse-drawn carts and (later) chariots.
Cuniform
first style of writing. developed in Sumer.
Sumer
first population center/ civiliazation. Cities emerged 4000 BCE, but between 3200 and 2350 BCE they became city-states. developed cuniform writing.
Pastoral
peoples who are this way raise livestock
King Solomon
lived 970 - 930 BCE. Wise king of Hebrews. had MANY wives and concubines.
Hittites
toppled Hammurabi's empire 1595 BCE. from Anatolia (Asia Minor). made high-quality iron products. *Biblical*
Concubine
means "lower wife" and does NOT mean a *****
Hebrews
early name for Jews/ Israelites. followers of Abraham. monotheistic people. circa 2000 BCE.
Assyrians
circa 1300 - 612 BCE. had powerful, iron-clad army. had cuniform library. unpopular rule led to mutiny in 612 BCE. *Biblical*
Phoenicians
settled in the area circa 3000 BCE. shipbuilding a major trade. developed early alphabetical script. called "carriers of civilization" and colonized the Mediterranean
Sargon of Akkad
lived 2370 - 2315 BCE. Lead coup against king of Kush and united Sumer for a time. He seized trade routes and natural resources. His policies weakened Akkad until the empire collapsed circa 2000 BCE
Polytheism
belief in more than one god
Patriarchal society
male-dominated society
Nebuchadnezzar
lived 605 - 562 BCE. Rebuilt Babylon, built Hanging Gardens.
Mesopotamia
means "the land between the rivers"
Lex Talionis
Hammurabi's law code includes this and importance of social status. means "law of retribution"
Assyrian cities
Assur and Ninevah. *Heaven -HAVEIN*
Hammurabi
lived 1792 - 1750 BCE. Centralized the bureaucracy and regulated taxation. Empire's capital was Babylon.
City-States
Sumerian: Kush, Nippur, Ur, etc. Had its own government to sponsor wall-building, military advancement, irrigation
Gilgamesh
legendary king, written about in cuniform.
Neo-Babylonians
new Babylonian Empire. 600-550 BCE. also known as Chaldeans. *Biblical* *Tower of Babel*
Shipbuilding
Chaldean specialty. increased trade by developed trade networks over seas.
Metalurgy
development of metal tools and goods.
Aryans
inhabitants in the area now called Iran and India.
Moses
law-giver of Hebrews. writings of stories become Torah.

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