theology final
Terms
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- Narrative
- - the telling of a specific detail within a person's genealogy
- The Lord's Prayer
- - the prayer taught by Jesus to his disciples and recognized as a model prayer
- messenger formula
- the opening words of a prophetic speech, attributing what follows the God, as in "thus says the lord.." or The lord said......"
- vineyard song
- an important passage of the book of Isaiah depicting the Chosen People as the vine of God
- Monarchy
- nation ruled by a king or single ruler
- punitive justice
- laws that rely on punishment as a deterrent to criminal activity
- talmud
- a collection of rabbinical teachings collected after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in AD 70
- Bet Av
- the basic social unit of the Israelite society, a patriarchal household of immediate and extended family members
- judge
- in ancient Israel, one who acted as a temporary military leader, as well as arbiter of disputes within and between tribes
- Pentateuch
- - The first 5 books of the Bible; a Greek word meaning "five books or scrolls"
- Parable
- - a short illustrative story that teaches a moral or religious lesson, often through the use of comparisons. Parables differ from fables in that a parable is told in response to a specific situation.
- prehistoric
- refers to events or objects that date to a time before writing developed and written records exist
- pictograms
- the earliest form of writing in which pictures represented words of ideas
- revelation
- - the act of making known something that was previously unknown or hidden
- Yahweh
- - name of God revealed to Moses; derived from the Hebrew word "to be"
- Lamentations
- the book of hebrew poetry written in response to the devastation in Jerusalem by those who remained behind after the conquest of 587
- Old Testament
- - the biblical books considered to be canonical Scripture and the self-revelation of God; the Roman Catholic canon numbers 46 books while the Protestant canon is composed of 39 books
- magisterium
- the teaching authority of the church concerning issues of faith and morals
- apocrypha
- another name for the deuterocanonical books and verses. word means hidden
- mishpachah
- the hebrew word for a "clan"
- syncretism
- a blending of two or more religious traditions
- Figures of Speech
- - comparisons that are meant to be taken imaginatively, rather than literally.
- Hasmonean Dynasty
- descendants of the Maccabees who ruled in Judea after the ousting of the Syrians in 141 BC until the establishment of Roman authority in 63 BC John Hyrcanus was the first ruler in the dynasty and ruled in 128 BC
- holocaust
- - burnt offering or sacrifice
- exile
- - forced removal from ones country or home
- patraiarchs
- male rulers, elders, or leaders. The____ of faith of Israel are Abraham, Isaac,and Jacob
- inspiration
- - Divine influence
- gentile
- a non-Jew
- Deuteronomy
- - second law
- harlotry
- in the OT, this term refers not only to a woman's illicit sexual behavior, but perhaps even more commonly to the practice of worshiping Canaanite gods along with Yahweh
- natural law
- the participation of man in God's eternal law that reveals what intends us to do and avoid according to his wise and loving plan
- dead sea scrolls
- ancient scrolls containing the oldest known manuscripts of the books of the OT in Hebrew. They were discovered in caves near Qumran on the Dead Sea between 1947 and 1953
- hieroglyphic writing
- an ancient form of Egyptian writing
- Liturgy of the Eucharist
- - that part of the Mass that begins with the Nicene Creed and ends with the dismissal
- Short Story
- - a type of brief narrative in which characters and a plot are fully developed
- Liturgy
- the service of God offered by the people of God in divine worship
- Ecclesial
- - relating to the Christian church
- transgression
- - violation of the law; sin
- remnant
- the exiles and former exiles who remained faithful to Yahweh during the time of captivity and who were expected to restore Jerusalem
- monotheism
- - belief in one God
- messiah
- Hebrew word meaning "anointed one"
- artifact
- something created by past humans, usually for a specific purpose
- oracle
- a brief, poetic declaration precede by the messenger formula
- Liturgy of the Word
- - the part of the Mass that extends from the first reading of Scripture until the prayer of the faithful
- major prophets
- three of the latter prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, whose books in the OT are quite lengthy
- Origin Story
- - an explanation of how something came to be.
- Cyprus
- the persian king who allowed some of the Jews to return to Jerusalem after he conquered the Babylonians in 539 BC
- Sacred
- - that which is regarded and revered as holy or able to induce an experience of the divine
- Myth
- a symbolic story that illuminates views of a particular people regarding the relationship between humans and the divine. The story of myth is universal, rather than mainly historical, and it provides insight into the ultimate questions. its specific purpose is often to communicate in symbolic language a reality that transcends experience.
- archetype
- - a complex form of symbolism; a character type, image, or theme that appears repeatedly in many different pieces of literature
- elders
- mature, usually male, members of the Israelite community who met regularly to rule on specific disputes within the community
- deuteronomic history
- the six books of the bible influenced in their language and theology by the book of Deuteronomy including Joshua, Judges 1 and 2, Samuel, and 1 and 2 kings
- covenant
- a binding and solemn agreement between human beings or between God and his people
- Passover
- - the sign of God's deliverance where God protected them from the Angel of Death and delivered them from slavery
- deuterocanonical
- a term meaning "second book." Books included in the catholic OT but not in the hebrew bible
- eschatology
- a study of the "last things," such as death, judgment, immorality, heaven and hell, and the like
- Conversion
- - a radical reorientation of one's life
- Semites
- - any of a group of peoples from the Fertile Crescent in southwestern Asia, including the Hebrew, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Canaanites
- Genuflection
- - briefly kneeling on the right knee as an act of devotion in acknowledging God's presence
- jubilee year
- every seventh sabbatical year
- hospitality
- - solemn obligation to offer provisions and protection to others
- providence
- divine guidance and care
- Torah
- - Hebrew name for the first five books of the OT, means "Law"
- right relationship
- - the way to live as prescribed by God; original justice
- Simile
- - a direct comparison using the words "like" or "as"
- Penitential rite
- - a part of the opening rite of the Mass and consists of a prayer of confession of sinfulness with responses
- Apostasy
- - falling away from God
- Theocracy
- - government ruled by God
- New Testament
- the 27 books accepted as Scripture and as God's revelation, centered in Jesus Christ
- just war doctrine
- teachings of the church that define the moral limits of warfare
- prophet
- one who speaks God's message
- context
- the historical, cultural, social, or political circumstances surrounding an event or record
- Decalogue
- - The Ten Commandments
- genealogy
- - an account of ancestry
- Blessed Trinity
- - the belief that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three Persons in one Godhead
- essenes
- a group of jew whose resistance to foreign influence took them to the extreme position of living in entirely separate communities in the desert around the Dead Sea
- paganism
- the profession of no religion
- social sin
- - a collective, societal act or sign that society has distanced itself from God
- wisdom
- - the ability to make good decisions based on God's natural moral law
- canon
- an official list of books belonging to the Bible, both the Old Testament and New Testament
- ancestor
- any person to whom you are related by blood who comes before you on a family tree
- synagogue
- a meeting place for study and prayer introduced by the pharisess to foster study of the law and adherence to the covenant code
- minor prophets
- the 12 prophets of the OT whose recorded saying are much briefer than those of the major prophets
- showbread
- the twelve loaves of bread presented on the altar every sabbath as an offering to Yahweh
- Yom Kippur
- - the Jewish Day of Atonement
- pharisees
- a group of jews whose response to foreign rule was one of cultural and religious separatism
- zealots
- a term used to describe many jewish sects, active during new testament times, who favored military resistance to roman authority
- miracle warfare
- the idea, unique to the Israelites, that God will fight, not just with them, but for them against their enemies
- Adonai
- name of God, meaning Lord, substituted for Yahweh
- Biblical exegesis
- - a critical interpretation of the Bible
- Ritual
- - a set or form of religious observances that are enacted to represent a religious experience or set of beliefs
- primeval history
- stories or myths about the origins of the earth, humans, other creatures, languages, and cultures
- koine
- the common Greek language introduced in Palestine by Alexander the Great in 333 BC.
- establishment religion
- a religion that tends to support the power of the ruling calls over the common people
- archaelogy
- the science of studying material remains of past human life and activities
- Symbolism
- - the representation of abstract or intangible things through symbols.
- Epic
- - long, detailed narrative of a hero who demonstrates both bravery and wisdom and goes through a series of trials. The hero is often a symbolic figure who represents the traits of an entire people. Epics are full of exaggeration in terms of characters or events.
- fundamentalism
- - interpretation of scripture in an absolutely literal way
- christos
- Greek word meaning " anointed one"
- typology
- the study of types of writing that have common traits
- Parallelism
- - the repetition of words and phrases, or the repetition of thought patterns
- critical reading
- a number of methods of studying the bible that aim to discover what God is communicating
- septuagint
- the oldest, complete edition of the OT.
- Ban
- - complete destruction of a conquered people, their livestock and crops
- Gleaning
- - gathering grain left in the fields after the harvest
- sabbatical
- - of or relating to the Sabbath, a day or time of rest
- detraction
- telling a person's faults for no good reason
- calumny
- - gossiping about another person
- parallelism
- a characteristic common to hebrew poetry in which two lines express the same or opposite thoughts, one right after the others
- sin
- an offense against God. a deliberate thought, word, deed, or omission against the eternal law of God
- Folklore
- - the composite of traditional customs, art forms, tales, and sayings preserved among a people
- ptolemies
- the dynasty descending from ptolemy I, a general under Alexander the Great, that ruled Egypt and Palestine from 320 to 200 BC when they lost control of the land to the Syrian Empire
- Exodus
- - departure of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery under the leadership of Moses, who was led by God
- levitate marriage
- the marriage of a widow to a near relative of her deceased husband
- Apocalyptic Literature
- - form of writing that describes the destruction of evil and the coming of God's reign
- scribes
- people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread
- ark of covenant
- the portable shrine built to hold the tablets on which Moses wrote the Law
- Metaphor
- - indirect comparison indicating a likeness between two things without directly stating a comparison
- emmanuel
- - God is with us
- rabbi
- the local leader of a community's synagogue, respected for his piety and knowledge of the law.
- Imagery
- - the concrete sensory details that make a literary work vivid and realistic. Imagery helps a reader visually imagine scenes in the OT
- tradition
- the process and content of the transmission of official church beliefs, doctrines, rituals, scripture, and the like
- General Intercessions
- - a prayer for all ranks and orders in the Church, living and dead, and for all men, and where particular prayers are stated
- sadducees
- originally an aristocratic group of wealthy jews in Jerusalem who favored strict adherence to the letter of the Torah and regarded temple worship as essential to jewish life
- Scripture
- - writings regarded as sacred; the term may refer to a single verse of the whole Bible
- Irony
- - literary technique in which what is said or done is contrary to what is expected.
- Tabernacle
- the box-like receptacle for the Eucharistic elements
- wisdom literature
- collections of wise sayings, proverbs, and short stories that offer insights into the proper way to live
- call narrative
- a story that describes a person's initial awareness that God wanted him or her to do something specific
- Transubstantiation
- at the consecration in the Mass, the changing of the substance of bread and wine, by God's power, into the substance of Jesus Christ's body and blood, which becomes present while the "species" (bread and wine) remain
- Consecration
- the setting apart of a person or place for a special divine use
- sabbatical year
- - the seventh year; the soil rested and was not planted.
- concubine
- - a female servant or second wife to bear children
- Creed
- a formal statement of belief
- fundamentalism
- - the literal interpretation of the Bible
- Sh'ma
- - the most important prayer of the Israelites; Deuteronomy 6:4-9
- theophany
- - an appearance or manifestation of God
- nabi
- the hebrew word translated as prophet
- zoroastrianism
- the official religion of the persian empire, which understood the universe to be caught in a constant struggle between light and darkness
- Rite
- an order for worship
- evolution
- the scientific theory which proposes that current forms of life developed gradually out of earlier ones
- civil laws
- laws dealing with the day to day issues that arise between people living, in the case of the Israelites, in an agrarian community such as the Israelites, in an agrarian community such as the consequences when one person's animal injures another person
- Psalms and Canticles
- poems and prayers that were once sung. Many of the psalms have been attributed to King David (more than 70).
- original sin
- - the original abuse of man's freedom, man preferred himself to God; arrogance and pride; the human condition of the need for salvation based on the first humans' choice to disobey God
- original justice
- - the state of grace in which Adam and Eve were created by God. (right relationship)
- Mass
- - the liturgy and worship service in which the Eucharist is celebrated
- hasidim
- a hebrew word meaning "loyal ones." It refers to a group who supported the Maccabees in the military effort against Antiochus IV
- restorative justice
- laws that are concerned primarily with restoring community after an offense has occurred.
- Anthropomorphism
- - attributing of human characteristics on nonhuman realities
- heresy
- - professing opinions against the opinions of the church
- diaspora
- a group migration or flight away from the homeland into one or more other countries
- judea
- the aramaic name for the place formerly called Judah
- religious laws
- laws which govern the actions of the preists, the regulation for sacrifice, and the building and maintenance of the temple
- covet
- - to desire something that is not one's own
- Hyksos
- a group of non Egyptians who came to power in Egypt between 1650 and 1500 BC
- creationism
- - the teaching of the origins of the world through a literal interpretation of the creation stories in the Bible