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theology final

Terms

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Narrative
- the telling of a specific detail within a person's genealogy
The Lord's Prayer
- the prayer taught by Jesus to his disciples and recognized as a model prayer
messenger formula
the opening words of a prophetic speech, attributing what follows the God, as in "thus says the lord.." or The lord said......"
vineyard song
an important passage of the book of Isaiah depicting the Chosen People as the vine of God
Monarchy
nation ruled by a king or single ruler
punitive justice
laws that rely on punishment as a deterrent to criminal activity
talmud
a collection of rabbinical teachings collected after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in AD 70
Bet Av
the basic social unit of the Israelite society, a patriarchal household of immediate and extended family members
judge
in ancient Israel, one who acted as a temporary military leader, as well as arbiter of disputes within and between tribes
Pentateuch
- The first 5 books of the Bible; a Greek word meaning "five books or scrolls"
Parable
- a short illustrative story that teaches a moral or religious lesson, often through the use of comparisons. Parables differ from fables in that a parable is told in response to a specific situation.
prehistoric
refers to events or objects that date to a time before writing developed and written records exist
pictograms
the earliest form of writing in which pictures represented words of ideas
revelation
- the act of making known something that was previously unknown or hidden
Yahweh
- name of God revealed to Moses; derived from the Hebrew word "to be"
Lamentations
the book of hebrew poetry written in response to the devastation in Jerusalem by those who remained behind after the conquest of 587
Old Testament
- the biblical books considered to be canonical Scripture and the self-revelation of God; the Roman Catholic canon numbers 46 books while the Protestant canon is composed of 39 books
magisterium
the teaching authority of the church concerning issues of faith and morals
apocrypha
another name for the deuterocanonical books and verses. word means hidden
mishpachah
the hebrew word for a "clan"
syncretism
a blending of two or more religious traditions
Figures of Speech
- comparisons that are meant to be taken imaginatively, rather than literally.
Hasmonean Dynasty
descendants of the Maccabees who ruled in Judea after the ousting of the Syrians in 141 BC until the establishment of Roman authority in 63 BC John Hyrcanus was the first ruler in the dynasty and ruled in 128 BC
holocaust
- burnt offering or sacrifice
exile
- forced removal from ones country or home
patraiarchs
male rulers, elders, or leaders. The____ of faith of Israel are Abraham, Isaac,and Jacob
inspiration
- Divine influence
gentile
a non-Jew
Deuteronomy
- second law
harlotry
in the OT, this term refers not only to a woman's illicit sexual behavior, but perhaps even more commonly to the practice of worshiping Canaanite gods along with Yahweh
natural law
the participation of man in God's eternal law that reveals what intends us to do and avoid according to his wise and loving plan
dead sea scrolls
ancient scrolls containing the oldest known manuscripts of the books of the OT in Hebrew. They were discovered in caves near Qumran on the Dead Sea between 1947 and 1953
hieroglyphic writing
an ancient form of Egyptian writing
Liturgy of the Eucharist
- that part of the Mass that begins with the Nicene Creed and ends with the dismissal
Short Story
- a type of brief narrative in which characters and a plot are fully developed
Liturgy
the service of God offered by the people of God in divine worship
Ecclesial
- relating to the Christian church
transgression
- violation of the law; sin
remnant
the exiles and former exiles who remained faithful to Yahweh during the time of captivity and who were expected to restore Jerusalem
monotheism
- belief in one God
messiah
Hebrew word meaning "anointed one"
artifact
something created by past humans, usually for a specific purpose
oracle
a brief, poetic declaration precede by the messenger formula
Liturgy of the Word
- the part of the Mass that extends from the first reading of Scripture until the prayer of the faithful
major prophets
three of the latter prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, whose books in the OT are quite lengthy
Origin Story
- an explanation of how something came to be.
Cyprus
the persian king who allowed some of the Jews to return to Jerusalem after he conquered the Babylonians in 539 BC
Sacred
- that which is regarded and revered as holy or able to induce an experience of the divine
Myth
a symbolic story that illuminates views of a particular people regarding the relationship between humans and the divine. The story of myth is universal, rather than mainly historical, and it provides insight into the ultimate questions. its specific purpose is often to communicate in symbolic language a reality that transcends experience.
archetype
- a complex form of symbolism; a character type, image, or theme that appears repeatedly in many different pieces of literature
elders
mature, usually male, members of the Israelite community who met regularly to rule on specific disputes within the community
deuteronomic history
the six books of the bible influenced in their language and theology by the book of Deuteronomy including Joshua, Judges 1 and 2, Samuel, and 1 and 2 kings
covenant
a binding and solemn agreement between human beings or between God and his people
Passover
- the sign of God's deliverance where God protected them from the Angel of Death and delivered them from slavery
deuterocanonical
a term meaning "second book." Books included in the catholic OT but not in the hebrew bible
eschatology
a study of the "last things," such as death, judgment, immorality, heaven and hell, and the like
Conversion
- a radical reorientation of one's life
Semites
- any of a group of peoples from the Fertile Crescent in southwestern Asia, including the Hebrew, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Canaanites
Genuflection
- briefly kneeling on the right knee as an act of devotion in acknowledging God's presence
jubilee year
every seventh sabbatical year
hospitality
- solemn obligation to offer provisions and protection to others
providence
divine guidance and care
Torah
- Hebrew name for the first five books of the OT, means "Law"
right relationship
- the way to live as prescribed by God; original justice
Simile
- a direct comparison using the words "like" or "as"
Penitential rite
- a part of the opening rite of the Mass and consists of a prayer of confession of sinfulness with responses
Apostasy
- falling away from God
Theocracy
- government ruled by God
New Testament
the 27 books accepted as Scripture and as God's revelation, centered in Jesus Christ
just war doctrine
teachings of the church that define the moral limits of warfare
prophet
one who speaks God's message
context
the historical, cultural, social, or political circumstances surrounding an event or record
Decalogue
- The Ten Commandments
genealogy
- an account of ancestry
Blessed Trinity
- the belief that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three Persons in one Godhead
essenes
a group of jew whose resistance to foreign influence took them to the extreme position of living in entirely separate communities in the desert around the Dead Sea
paganism
the profession of no religion
social sin
- a collective, societal act or sign that society has distanced itself from God
wisdom
- the ability to make good decisions based on God's natural moral law
canon
an official list of books belonging to the Bible, both the Old Testament and New Testament
ancestor
any person to whom you are related by blood who comes before you on a family tree
synagogue
a meeting place for study and prayer introduced by the pharisess to foster study of the law and adherence to the covenant code
minor prophets
the 12 prophets of the OT whose recorded saying are much briefer than those of the major prophets
showbread
the twelve loaves of bread presented on the altar every sabbath as an offering to Yahweh
Yom Kippur
- the Jewish Day of Atonement
pharisees
a group of jews whose response to foreign rule was one of cultural and religious separatism
zealots
a term used to describe many jewish sects, active during new testament times, who favored military resistance to roman authority
miracle warfare
the idea, unique to the Israelites, that God will fight, not just with them, but for them against their enemies
Adonai
name of God, meaning Lord, substituted for Yahweh
Biblical exegesis
- a critical interpretation of the Bible
Ritual
- a set or form of religious observances that are enacted to represent a religious experience or set of beliefs
primeval history
stories or myths about the origins of the earth, humans, other creatures, languages, and cultures
koine
the common Greek language introduced in Palestine by Alexander the Great in 333 BC.
establishment religion
a religion that tends to support the power of the ruling calls over the common people
archaelogy
the science of studying material remains of past human life and activities
Symbolism
- the representation of abstract or intangible things through symbols.
Epic
- long, detailed narrative of a hero who demonstrates both bravery and wisdom and goes through a series of trials. The hero is often a symbolic figure who represents the traits of an entire people. Epics are full of exaggeration in terms of characters or events.
fundamentalism
- interpretation of scripture in an absolutely literal way
christos
Greek word meaning " anointed one"
typology
the study of types of writing that have common traits
Parallelism
- the repetition of words and phrases, or the repetition of thought patterns
critical reading
a number of methods of studying the bible that aim to discover what God is communicating
septuagint
the oldest, complete edition of the OT.
Ban
- complete destruction of a conquered people, their livestock and crops
Gleaning
- gathering grain left in the fields after the harvest
sabbatical
- of or relating to the Sabbath, a day or time of rest
detraction
telling a person's faults for no good reason
calumny
- gossiping about another person
parallelism
a characteristic common to hebrew poetry in which two lines express the same or opposite thoughts, one right after the others
sin
an offense against God. a deliberate thought, word, deed, or omission against the eternal law of God
Folklore
- the composite of traditional customs, art forms, tales, and sayings preserved among a people
ptolemies
the dynasty descending from ptolemy I, a general under Alexander the Great, that ruled Egypt and Palestine from 320 to 200 BC when they lost control of the land to the Syrian Empire
Exodus
- departure of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery under the leadership of Moses, who was led by God
levitate marriage
the marriage of a widow to a near relative of her deceased husband
Apocalyptic Literature
- form of writing that describes the destruction of evil and the coming of God's reign
scribes
people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread
ark of covenant
the portable shrine built to hold the tablets on which Moses wrote the Law
Metaphor
- indirect comparison indicating a likeness between two things without directly stating a comparison
emmanuel
- God is with us
rabbi
the local leader of a community's synagogue, respected for his piety and knowledge of the law.
Imagery
- the concrete sensory details that make a literary work vivid and realistic. Imagery helps a reader visually imagine scenes in the OT
tradition
the process and content of the transmission of official church beliefs, doctrines, rituals, scripture, and the like
General Intercessions
- a prayer for all ranks and orders in the Church, living and dead, and for all men, and where particular prayers are stated
sadducees
originally an aristocratic group of wealthy jews in Jerusalem who favored strict adherence to the letter of the Torah and regarded temple worship as essential to jewish life
Scripture
- writings regarded as sacred; the term may refer to a single verse of the whole Bible
Irony
- literary technique in which what is said or done is contrary to what is expected.
Tabernacle
the box-like receptacle for the Eucharistic elements
wisdom literature
collections of wise sayings, proverbs, and short stories that offer insights into the proper way to live
call narrative
a story that describes a person's initial awareness that God wanted him or her to do something specific
Transubstantiation
at the consecration in the Mass, the changing of the substance of bread and wine, by God's power, into the substance of Jesus Christ's body and blood, which becomes present while the "species" (bread and wine) remain
Consecration
the setting apart of a person or place for a special divine use
sabbatical year
- the seventh year; the soil rested and was not planted.
concubine
- a female servant or second wife to bear children
Creed
a formal statement of belief
fundamentalism
- the literal interpretation of the Bible
Sh'ma
- the most important prayer of the Israelites; Deuteronomy 6:4-9
theophany
- an appearance or manifestation of God
nabi
the hebrew word translated as prophet
zoroastrianism
the official religion of the persian empire, which understood the universe to be caught in a constant struggle between light and darkness
Rite
an order for worship
evolution
the scientific theory which proposes that current forms of life developed gradually out of earlier ones
civil laws
laws dealing with the day to day issues that arise between people living, in the case of the Israelites, in an agrarian community such as the Israelites, in an agrarian community such as the consequences when one person's animal injures another person
Psalms and Canticles
poems and prayers that were once sung. Many of the psalms have been attributed to King David (more than 70).
original sin
- the original abuse of man's freedom, man preferred himself to God; arrogance and pride; the human condition of the need for salvation based on the first humans' choice to disobey God
original justice
- the state of grace in which Adam and Eve were created by God. (right relationship)
Mass
- the liturgy and worship service in which the Eucharist is celebrated
hasidim
a hebrew word meaning "loyal ones." It refers to a group who supported the Maccabees in the military effort against Antiochus IV
restorative justice
laws that are concerned primarily with restoring community after an offense has occurred.
Anthropomorphism
- attributing of human characteristics on nonhuman realities
heresy
- professing opinions against the opinions of the church
diaspora
a group migration or flight away from the homeland into one or more other countries
judea
the aramaic name for the place formerly called Judah
religious laws
laws which govern the actions of the preists, the regulation for sacrifice, and the building and maintenance of the temple
covet
- to desire something that is not one's own
Hyksos
a group of non Egyptians who came to power in Egypt between 1650 and 1500 BC
creationism
- the teaching of the origins of the world through a literal interpretation of the creation stories in the Bible

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