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Everything you must know for Global Final

Terms

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ziggurat
a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
Parliament
House of government, like the senate
Black Death
the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
knight
originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
Pericles
Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
feudalism
the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C
democracy
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
caravel
Ship that allows boat to sail into wind
hierachy
a system with ranked groups, usually according to social, economic, or professional class
mulatto
an offspring of a Black and a White parent
rigid class system
What's a caste system?
column
a vertical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (as a monument or a column of air)
monsoon
a seasonal wind in southern Asia
Awesome
inspiring awe or admiration or wonder
Buddhism
the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
Mandate of Heaven
natural passing between dynasties to purify political order
Reformation
rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course
Mesopotamia
first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture
patron
one who give support (usually financial)
Aztec
a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519
monotheism
belief in a single God
Colombian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Twelve of Tables
Twelve Tables of Law
Byzantine
a native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire
Hinduism
a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
Han
imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy
Songhai
a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Songhai people in Mali and Niger
secular
concerning those not members of the clergy
republic
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
Fall of the Roman Empire
Government spending lead to
arch
(architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it
theocracy
the belief in government by divine guidance
religious tolerance
Willingness to let others to practice their own religion
vassal
a person holding a fief
topography
the configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features
printing press
invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects
irrigation
(medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution
Torah
(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written
Glorious Revolution
the revolution against James II
Alexander the Great
king of Macedon
terrace farming
a farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain
mercantilism
transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)
clan
group of people related by blood or marriage
Inca
a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s
bureaucracy
Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business.
Oliver Cromwell
English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
polytheism
belief in multiple Gods
Islam
the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran
Cuneiform
an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia
manor
the mansion of the lord of the manor
caste system
a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
Martin Luther
German theologian who led the Reformation
Indus Valley
Harappan civilization, no social classes, written language not yet deciphered, remarkable planned cities, Hohenjo-Daro
nuclear family
a family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner
peninsulares
top people, the ruling class, have to be born in spain/porugual, 100% spanish or Portuguese, usually returned to spain when term of office was over.
Daoism
philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
Gupta
From A.D. 375 - 415, the _____ Dynasty reached its height and India experienced s "Golden Age"
Maya
a family of American Indian languages spoken by Mayan peoples
Socrates
ancient Athenian philosopher
humanism
the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
dynastic cycle
the rise and fall of Chinese ruler, according to the Mandate of Heaven
Roman
a resident of modern Rome
Pax Romana
the Roman peace
Mongol
a member of the nomadic peoples of Mongolia
English Bill of Rights
King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
Judaism
the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
domesticate
make fit for cultivation, domestic life, and service to humans
shogun
a hereditary military dictator of Japan
pyramids
Most motor axons cross overin lateral tracts at pyramids of medulla oblongata (right and left control opposite sides) Anterior corticospinal tracts not crossed over.
Koran
the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
Charlemagne
king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
Christianity
a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
Renaissance
the revival of learning and culture
Gothic
a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries
samurai
a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy
patriarchial
Father or oldest male is leader of the house
creoles
People who had Spanish or Portuguese parents but were born in Latin America.
Hellenistic
Term that describes the cosmopolitan civilization, established under the Macedonians, that combined aspects of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures
scribe
a sharp-pointed awl for marking wood or metal to be cut
manorialism
Manorialism was an economic system that involved fiefs. It was between noblemen and serfs.
traditional economy
An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
encomienda
brutal spanish system of using native americans for labor
Holy Roman Empire
the lands ruled by Charlemagne
Confucius
chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life
footbinding
Process of wrapping young girls feet to stop growth, led to crppiling women for life
pharaoh
the title of the ancient Egyptian kings
matriarchal
the female head of a family or tribe
diaspora
the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
Jesus
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth
Holy Land
an ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean
astrolabe
An instrument invented by Muslims that is used to determine direction by figuring out the position of the stars.
limited monarchy
a monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution
Colombian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Justinian
Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians
habeas corpus
the civil right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
Hernan Cortes
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
ethnocentric
centered on a specific ethnic group, usually one's own
hieroglyphics
a system of writing using symbols or pictures
Commercial Revolutions
the business revolution that occurred in Europe after the Middle Ages
Ghana
a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
Song Dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
Confucianism
the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity
dynasty
a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
artisan
a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft
tribute
payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence
perspective
the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
aqeuduct
large water pipe
colony
a group of animals of the same type living together
Cultural diffusion
the spread of cultural elements from one society to another
Tang Dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907
Suleiman
sultan who ruled the Ottoman empire and extended it to it's greatest
filial piety
VOCABULARY: An idea of Conficius that parents should be treated with the greatest respect. Lesson 3
Mali
a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa
Silk Road
an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)
compass
an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"
papyrus
a document written on papyrus
empire
a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization
Yellow River
a major river of Asia in northern China
viceroy
showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller
Crusades
1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade
Akbar
greatest Mughal leader of India
hegira
a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment
noble
impressive in appearance
fertile
productive land, soil for farming
Neolithic Revolution
agricultural methods led to change in life styles
monarchy
an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority
serf
(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
Luis XIV
rey sol, fue de francia, coloco a felipe V en el trono de espana
mestizos
people of one Europeans parent and one Indian parent, that lived in Spain.
Magna Carta
the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
Ghengis Khan
The title of Tem?jin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227). It means the 'oceanic' or 'universal' leader. Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire. (p. 325)
Justinians Code
An organized collection and explanation of roman laws for use by the byzantine empire
Buddha
founder of Buddhism
Tokugawas
ended a civil war and unified japan, isolated japan from europe
English Civil War
civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
barter
an equal exchange
daimyos
warlords/rulers rather than the imperial family
Code Of Hammurabai
Hammurabai's code
city-state
area under one government
conquistadors
Spanish explorers who looked for new lands to make profit
jihad
a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal

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