Everything you must know for Global Final
Terms
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- ziggurat
- a rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians
- Parliament
- House of government, like the senate
- Black Death
- the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
- knight
- originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
- Pericles
- Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece
- feudalism
- the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C
- democracy
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- caravel
- Ship that allows boat to sail into wind
- hierachy
- a system with ranked groups, usually according to social, economic, or professional class
- mulatto
- an offspring of a Black and a White parent
- rigid class system
- What's a caste system?
- column
- a vertical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (as a monument or a column of air)
- monsoon
- a seasonal wind in southern Asia
- Awesome
- inspiring awe or admiration or wonder
- Buddhism
- the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
- Mandate of Heaven
- natural passing between dynasties to purify political order
- Reformation
- rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course
- Mesopotamia
- first civilization located between the Tigris & Eurphrates Rivers in present day Iraq; term means "land between the rivers;" Sumerian culture
- patron
- one who give support (usually financial)
- Aztec
- a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519
- monotheism
- belief in a single God
- Colombian Exchange
- the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
- Twelve of Tables
- Twelve Tables of Law
- Byzantine
- a native or inhabitant of Byzantium or of the Byzantine Empire
- Hinduism
- a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
- Han
- imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy
- Songhai
- a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Songhai people in Mali and Niger
- secular
- concerning those not members of the clergy
- republic
- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
- Fall of the Roman Empire
- Government spending lead to
- arch
- (architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it
- theocracy
- the belief in government by divine guidance
- religious tolerance
- Willingness to let others to practice their own religion
- vassal
- a person holding a fief
- topography
- the configuration of a surface and the relations among its man-made and natural features
- printing press
- invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1454; first book was Gutenberg Bible; changed private and public lives of Europeans; used for war declarations, battle accounts, treaties, propaganda; laid basis for formation of distinct political parties; enhanced literacy, people sought books on all subjects
- irrigation
- (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution
- Torah
- (Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written
- Glorious Revolution
- the revolution against James II
- Alexander the Great
- king of Macedon
- terrace farming
- a farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain
- mercantilism
- transactions (sales and purchases) having the objective of supplying commodities (goods and services)
- clan
- group of people related by blood or marriage
- Inca
- a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s
- bureaucracy
- Government by departments of men transacting particular branches of public business.
- Oliver Cromwell
- English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War (1599-1658)
- polytheism
- belief in multiple Gods
- Islam
- the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran
- Cuneiform
- an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia
- manor
- the mansion of the lord of the manor
- caste system
- a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
- Martin Luther
- German theologian who led the Reformation
- Indus Valley
- Harappan civilization, no social classes, written language not yet deciphered, remarkable planned cities, Hohenjo-Daro
- nuclear family
- a family consisting of parents and their children and grandparents of a marital partner
- peninsulares
- top people, the ruling class, have to be born in spain/porugual, 100% spanish or Portuguese, usually returned to spain when term of office was over.
- Daoism
- philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
- Gupta
- From A.D. 375 - 415, the _____ Dynasty reached its height and India experienced s "Golden Age"
- Maya
- a family of American Indian languages spoken by Mayan peoples
- Socrates
- ancient Athenian philosopher
- humanism
- the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason
- dynastic cycle
- the rise and fall of Chinese ruler, according to the Mandate of Heaven
- Roman
- a resident of modern Rome
- Pax Romana
- the Roman peace
- Mongol
- a member of the nomadic peoples of Mongolia
- English Bill of Rights
- King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.
- Judaism
- the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
- domesticate
- make fit for cultivation, domestic life, and service to humans
- shogun
- a hereditary military dictator of Japan
- pyramids
- Most motor axons cross overin lateral tracts at pyramids of medulla oblongata (right and left control opposite sides) Anterior corticospinal tracts not crossed over.
- Koran
- the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
- Charlemagne
- king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
- Christianity
- a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
- Renaissance
- the revival of learning and culture
- Gothic
- a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries
- samurai
- a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy
- patriarchial
- Father or oldest male is leader of the house
- creoles
- People who had Spanish or Portuguese parents but were born in Latin America.
- Hellenistic
- Term that describes the cosmopolitan civilization, established under the Macedonians, that combined aspects of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures
- scribe
- a sharp-pointed awl for marking wood or metal to be cut
- manorialism
- Manorialism was an economic system that involved fiefs. It was between noblemen and serfs.
- traditional economy
- An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next.
- encomienda
- brutal spanish system of using native americans for labor
- Holy Roman Empire
- the lands ruled by Charlemagne
- Confucius
- chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life
- footbinding
- Process of wrapping young girls feet to stop growth, led to crppiling women for life
- pharaoh
- the title of the ancient Egyptian kings
- matriarchal
- the female head of a family or tribe
- diaspora
- the dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
- Jesus
- a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth
- Holy Land
- an ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean
- astrolabe
- An instrument invented by Muslims that is used to determine direction by figuring out the position of the stars.
- limited monarchy
- a monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution
- Colombian Exchange
- the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
- Justinian
- Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians
- habeas corpus
- the civil right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
- Hernan Cortes
- Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
- ethnocentric
- centered on a specific ethnic group, usually one's own
- hieroglyphics
- a system of writing using symbols or pictures
- Commercial Revolutions
- the business revolution that occurred in Europe after the Middle Ages
- Ghana
- a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea
- Song Dynasty
- the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
- Confucianism
- the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity
- dynasty
- a sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
- artisan
- a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft
- tribute
- payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence
- perspective
- the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer
- aqeuduct
- large water pipe
- colony
- a group of animals of the same type living together
- Cultural diffusion
- the spread of cultural elements from one society to another
- Tang Dynasty
- the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907
- Suleiman
- sultan who ruled the Ottoman empire and extended it to it's greatest
- filial piety
- VOCABULARY: An idea of Conficius that parents should be treated with the greatest respect. Lesson 3
- Mali
- a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa
- Silk Road
- an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles)
- compass
- an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"
- papyrus
- a document written on papyrus
- empire
- a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization
- Yellow River
- a major river of Asia in northern China
- viceroy
- showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller
- Crusades
- 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade
- Akbar
- greatest Mughal leader of India
- hegira
- a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment
- noble
- impressive in appearance
- fertile
- productive land, soil for farming
- Neolithic Revolution
- agricultural methods led to change in life styles
- monarchy
- an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority
- serf
- (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
- Luis XIV
- rey sol, fue de francia, coloco a felipe V en el trono de espana
- mestizos
- people of one Europeans parent and one Indian parent, that lived in Spain.
- Magna Carta
- the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215
- Ghengis Khan
- The title of Tem?jin when he ruled the Mongols (1206-1227). It means the 'oceanic' or 'universal' leader. Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire. (p. 325)
- Justinians Code
- An organized collection and explanation of roman laws for use by the byzantine empire
- Buddha
- founder of Buddhism
- Tokugawas
- ended a civil war and unified japan, isolated japan from europe
- English Civil War
- civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I
- barter
- an equal exchange
- daimyos
- warlords/rulers rather than the imperial family
- Code Of Hammurabai
- Hammurabai's code
- city-state
- area under one government
- conquistadors
- Spanish explorers who looked for new lands to make profit
- jihad
- a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal