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History Final Test-DeVries

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Terms

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abu bakr
One of the 1st 4 caliphs. Father-in-law of Muhammad. A merchant. Spread Islam to all of Arabia. Restored peace after death of Muhammad; created code of cunduct in war; compiled Quarn verses
famine
a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
oath of fealty
In medieval Europe, fealty was sworn between two people, the obliged person (vassal) and a person of rank (lord). This was done as part of a formal commendation ceremony to create a feudal relationship.
allah
Muslim name for the one and only God
Shiite
a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
Hatchepsut
Egyptian ruler in 1480 B.C
feudalism
the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C
senator
A member of the senate
Pope
the head of the Roman Catholic Church
papyrus
The writing-paper of the ancient Egyptians, and later of the Romans.
tithe
pay a tenth of one's income, especially to the church
salvation
saving someone or something from harm of from an unpleasant situation
aqueducts
Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
caliph
the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth
university
establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching
Five Pillars
5 basic beliefs : Allah is the 1 and only god, Ramadan, giving of alms, praying 5 times a day, hajj
manor
the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)
dictator
a person in the ancient rome republic appointed to rule for 6 months in times of emerengcy
serf
(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
Franks
A large, united kingdom in early Middle Ages
hierarchy
the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body
polytheism
belief in multiple Gods
knight
originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
nile
longest river in the world; key to Egyptian society
Mecca
City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230)
Muhammad
the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
mosaics
patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors
artisans
Skilled crafts worker
clergy
A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.
alcuin
A great English monk and scholar of Charlemagne
fief
a piece of land held under the feudal system
clovis
Expanded kingdom of franks and led them to christianity
excommunication
the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church
monastery
a group of religous people that live together in a community
plague
a deadly disease that spreads rapidly from person to person
homage
Honor or respect shown publicly
colosseum
famous area where celebrations, festivals, and gladiators were held
Chalres martel
defeated muslim invaders
monotheism
belief in a single God
crusades
A series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy land back from Muslim control.
exile
expelled from home or country by authority
vassal
A noble who usually was given land in return for loyalty and work
Charlemagne
King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning
gladiators
slaves and prisoners who were forced to fight
William the conqueror
duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England
rashi
important Jewish scholar, wrote comments about Torah
afterlife
An existence following death
pilgrimage
A long journey to a sacred place
Qur'an
the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
Diaspora
a scattering of people, as when the Jewish people were forced to leave their homeland in Palestine
pyramid
a massive memorial with a square base and four triangular sides
mummy
a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)
scribe
someone employed to make written copies of documents and manuscripts
Sunnis
Muslims that believe the caliph doesn't have to be related to Muhammad and should be chosen by the leaders of the Islamic community
guild
A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.

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