History Final Test-DeVries
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Terms
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- abu bakr
- One of the 1st 4 caliphs. Father-in-law of Muhammad. A merchant. Spread Islam to all of Arabia. Restored peace after death of Muhammad; created code of cunduct in war; compiled Quarn verses
- famine
- a severe shortage of food (as through crop failure) resulting in violent hunger and starvation and death
- oath of fealty
- In medieval Europe, fealty was sworn between two people, the obliged person (vassal) and a person of rank (lord). This was done as part of a formal commendation ceremony to create a feudal relationship.
- allah
- Muslim name for the one and only God
- Shiite
- a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs
- Hatchepsut
- Egyptian ruler in 1480 B.C
- feudalism
- the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th C
- senator
- A member of the senate
- Pope
- the head of the Roman Catholic Church
- papyrus
- The writing-paper of the ancient Egyptians, and later of the Romans.
- tithe
- pay a tenth of one's income, especially to the church
- salvation
- saving someone or something from harm of from an unpleasant situation
- aqueducts
- Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
- caliph
- the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth
- university
- establishment where a seat of higher learning is housed, including administrative and living quarters as well as facilities for research and teaching
- Five Pillars
- 5 basic beliefs : Allah is the 1 and only god, Ramadan, giving of alms, praying 5 times a day, hajj
- manor
- the landed estate of a lord (including the house on it)
- dictator
- a person in the ancient rome republic appointed to rule for 6 months in times of emerengcy
- serf
- (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
- Franks
- A large, united kingdom in early Middle Ages
- hierarchy
- the organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body
- polytheism
- belief in multiple Gods
- knight
- originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
- nile
- longest river in the world; key to Egyptian society
- Mecca
- City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230)
- Muhammad
- the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)
- mosaics
- patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors
- artisans
- Skilled crafts worker
- clergy
- A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.
- alcuin
- A great English monk and scholar of Charlemagne
- fief
- a piece of land held under the feudal system
- clovis
- Expanded kingdom of franks and led them to christianity
- excommunication
- the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church
- monastery
- a group of religous people that live together in a community
- plague
- a deadly disease that spreads rapidly from person to person
- homage
- Honor or respect shown publicly
- colosseum
- famous area where celebrations, festivals, and gladiators were held
- Chalres martel
- defeated muslim invaders
- monotheism
- belief in a single God
- crusades
- A series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy land back from Muslim control.
- exile
- expelled from home or country by authority
- vassal
- A noble who usually was given land in return for loyalty and work
- Charlemagne
- King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning
- gladiators
- slaves and prisoners who were forced to fight
- William the conqueror
- duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England
- rashi
- important Jewish scholar, wrote comments about Torah
- afterlife
- An existence following death
- pilgrimage
- A long journey to a sacred place
- Qur'an
- the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
- Diaspora
- a scattering of people, as when the Jewish people were forced to leave their homeland in Palestine
- pyramid
- a massive memorial with a square base and four triangular sides
- mummy
- a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)
- scribe
- someone employed to make written copies of documents and manuscripts
- Sunnis
- Muslims that believe the caliph doesn't have to be related to Muhammad and should be chosen by the leaders of the Islamic community
- guild
- A medieval organization of crafts workers or trades people.