History exam vocab (pps)
Terms
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- Cultural diffusion
- the spreading of culture from one society to another
- Judaism
- a nonotheistic religion originating with the Israelites, tracing its orgigins to Abraham, and having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures and the Talmud
- Xerxes
- King of Persia; his armies invaded Greece but were eventually defeated by the Greeks
- Nebuchadnezzar II
- Chaldean king of Babylon from 605 to 562 BCE; rebuilt Bybylon into a beautiful city noted for its fames Hanging Gardens
- Hammurabi
- King f Babylonia; he was a brilliant military leader who brought all of Mesopotamia into the Babylonian Empire. he is known for his uniform code of 282 laws, the earliest known set of written laws
- Cuneiform
- Sumerian Writing
- traditional economy
- an economic system in which economic decisions are make based on customs, beliefs, religion, and habits
- artisans
- skilled craftspeople who make goods, such as pottery or baskets, by hand
- Satraps
- governors of ancient Persia
- Subcontinent
- a large landmass that is part of a continent but is considered an independent entity either geographically or politically
- Karma
- In Hinduism, the totality of a person's good and bad deeds, and the way in which they affect that individual's fate in the afterlife
- Division of labor
- when certain people do a specific task or type of work
- Dualism
- the belief that the world is controlled by the two opposing forces, good and evil
- animism
- the belief that all things in nature have spirits
- artifacts
- objects that people in the past made or used, over 50 years old, such as coins, pottery, and tools
- Abraham
- originator of jewish line of descent:::held deep devotion to and a great trust in the will of god
- Ziggurat
- a Sumerian temple made of sun-dried brick that was dedicated to the chief goddess of a particular city state
- Polytheism
- the belief in many gods
- Pastoralists
- nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food
- Cyrus the Great
- King of Persia and founder of the Persian Empire; he defeated the Median army and united the Persians and Medians under his rule
- Yoga
- a series of physical and mental exersises that teaches people how to focus
- Zoroaster
- Religious teacher and prophet of ancient Persia; he founded a religion known as Zoroastrianism based on the idea that people have free will and can act as they choose
- Covenant
- a binding agreement
- Louis Leakey
- British archaeologist and anthropologist if east africa; he was convinced that africa was the best place to search for human orgins and make many important archaeological discoveries
- Dharma
- In Hinduism, the religious and moral duties of an individual
- Monsoons
- seasonal winds in India
- Indo-Europeans
- a group an semi-nomadic people who migrated from southern Russia to the Indian Subcontinent around 1700 BCE
- Dynasty
- a family of rulers whose right to rule is hereditary
- Nomads
- people who move from place to place in search of food and water
- Darius I
- King of Persia from 522 to 486 BCE; he reorganized and strengthened the Persian Empire by reforming the army and the government
- Castes
- social classes in the ancient Indian class System (Varnas)
- vedas
- Sacred writings of the Indo-Aryans
- Steppes
- arid grasslands
- Neolithic Revolution
- a period in human history marked by the intoduction of agriculture and a shift from food gathering to food production
- Monotheism
- the belief in one god
- Moksha
- In Hinduism, the escape form the cycle of rebirth
- Mary Leaky
- British archaeologist; along w/ her husband, Louis, she make great discoveries of early hominids in East Africa
- paleolithic era
- also known as the old stone age; a prehistoric period that lasted from about 2.5 million years ago to about 8,500 BC
- Donald Johanson
- American anthropologist; he discovered a partial Australopithicine skeleton in Ethiopia, which he named Lucy
- Citadel
- a fortress
- Civilizations
- a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and arts and architecture
- Sargon
- King of Akkad in Mesopotamia; considered the founder of Mesopotamia and conquered many cities along the middle Euphrates to northern Syria He established trade routes with the Indus Valley, the coast of the Orman islands, and the shores of the Persian Gulf
- hominid
- an early human like creature that is believed to be the ancestor of humans
- Neolithic Era
- the New Stone Age; the time period after the Paleolithic Era, marked by the use of tools
- Moses
- Hebrew Prophet, led the Exodus, during which he received the 10 commandments
- Culture
- a group's knowledge, beliefs, values, and customs
- Rajas
- Leaders of ancient cities in India
- Exodus
- The Escape of the Hebrews from Egypt, led by Moses
- Hinduism
- the largest religion in India; Hindus believe that everything in the world is a power of Brahman, a single great universal being; they also believe in reincarnation and strive to break free from the cycle of rebirth
- Varnas
- the four social classes in Vedic society
- Torah
- The sacred Jewish text, five books
- Domestication
- taming animals adapting crops for human use
- Bronze Age
- the period after the stone age, when people began to make items out of bronze
- Surplus
- Excess, usually food
- Diaspora
- the dispersal of the Jewa from their homeland in Palestine during the 2,600 years that followd the destruction of the Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BCE by the Chaldeans
- Megaliths
- huge stones used for burial or religious purposes
- Partiarch
- an ancestral "father" of Judaism
- City state
- a political unit that includes a town or a city and the surrounding land controlled by it
- hunter gatherers
- people who hunt animals and gather wild plants to provide for their needs