Art History Ch3
Terms
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- fresco
- Painting on lime plaster, either dry (fresco secco) or wet (true or buon fresco). In true fresco the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid (wet) lime plaster; also a painting executed in either method
- hypostyle hall
- In Egyptian architecture, a hall with a roof supported by columns
- ka
- In ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force; the concept approximates the Western idea of the soul.
- canopic jars
- In ancient Egypt, containers in which the organs of the deceased were placed for later burial with the mummy. There were generally four.
- palette
- In ancient Egypt, a stone slab with a circular depression used for preparing make-up.
- serdab
- A small concealed chamber in or part of an Egyptian tomb used to house a statue of the deceased.
- mummification
- A technique used by ancient Egyptians to preserve human bodies so that they may serve as the eternal home of the immortal ka
- necropolis
- A large burial area or cemetery; literally,"city of the dead."
- canon
- A system of proportions for the human figure
- realism
- The representation of things according to their appearance in visible nature (without idealization).
- ben-ben
- a pyramidal stone; a fetish or symbol of the Egyptian sun god Re
- capital
- The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel.
- colonnades
- A series or row of columns, usually spanned by arched lintels.
- Rosetta Stone
- An Egyptian artifact, discovered in 1799, that gave scholars a key to deciphering hieroglyphic writing. It has one text written in three scripts; Greek, Demotic (late Egyptian) and hieroglyphs
- nemes
- The headdress worn by the Pharaoh, usually with the uraeus (cobra) on the front
- column
- A vertical weight bearing architectural member, circular in form; often consisting of three main parts: a base, a shaft, and a capital
- engaged column
- A half-round column attached to a wall
- amulet
- An object worn to ward off evil (therefore it is apotropaic) or to aid the wearer
- pylon
- A simple and massive gateway, with sloping walls, often in front of an Egyptian temple.
- sarcophagus
- A coffin, usually of stone; from the Latin for "consumer of flesh."
- ushabtis
- Literally "answerers." Small statuettes placed inside a tomb to perform or answer for the deceased should they be required to perform any labor in the afterlife
- mastaba
- Arabic for "bench." An ancient Egyptian rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber
- papyrus
- A plant native to Egypt and adjacent lands used to make paper-like writing material.
- atlantid
- A male figure that functions as a supporting column (statue-column). In the female form it is called a caryatid.
- scarab
- A gem in the shape of a beetle
- block statue
- In ancient Egyptian sculpture, a cubic stone image with simplified body parts.
- flute or fluting
- Vertical channeling, roughly semicircular in cross-section and used principally on columns and pilasters.
- hieroglyphic
- A system of writing using symbols or pictures
- sphinx
- A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion and the head of a human.
- ashlar masonry
- Carefully cut and regularly shaped blocks of stone used in construction, fitted together without mortar
- portico
- A porch with a roof supported by columns; an entrance porch
- Book of the Dead
- An ancient Egyptian collection of writings containing about 200 spells that are intended to protect the mummy and the ka
- diorite
- - An exceptionally hard black stone found in Southern Africa