China Term List
Terms
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- SuZy Q HaS Toes
- S- Shang Dynasty Z- Zhou Dynasty Q- Qin Dynasty H- Han Dynasty S- Sui Dynasty T- Tang Dynasty S- Song Dynasty
- Zhou Dynasty
- imperial dynasty in China ruling from 1122 to 221 B.C.
- Kublai Khan
- Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China
- Mongols
- People from the country of Mongolia that were greatly weakened by China in the mid-700's.
- Daoism
- philosophical idea that represents simple life and happiness
- Sui Dynasty
- dynasty that brought China together after being apart for 400 years
- Qing Dynasty
- the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries
- Dynasty
- a family or group of people that rules a certain society for several generations
- Genghis Khan
- Mongolian Emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean, 1162-1227
- Grand Canal
- inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China
- Pax Mongolica
- "Mongol Peace" term and motto used to describe the eased communication used in the Mongol Empire, said by Western scholars to describe the alleged stabilizing effects of the conquest of the Mongol Empire
- Analects
- collected and created by the disciples of Confucius in 400 B.C.
- Dynastic Cycle
- pattern of the rise of dynasties (in China)
- Han Dynasty
- mperial dynasty that ruled China from 206 BC to 221 and expanded and developed bureaucracy
- Qin Dynasty
- dynasty that was preced by the Zhou Dynasty, under the first emperor Shihuangdi, marked beginning of imperial China
- The Way of Virtue
- collective writings of Laozi (the "Old Master")
- Bureaucracy
- non-elected government officials
- Mandate of Heaven
- regular passing of different dynasties to keep political order
- Shang Dynasty
- imperial dynasty ruling China from 18th to 12th century B.C.
- Silk Road
- ancient trade road/route between China and the Mediterranean, goes for 4,000 miles
- Manchus
- Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire
- Zheng He
- imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa
- Feudalism
- the feudal system (involving much detail, first used in the 17th century)
- Ancestor Worship
- worship and honoring of ancestors through rituals
- Yin and Yang
- Balance between good and bad, developed in China (for every bad (yin) there is a good (yang))
- Five Relationships
- 1. Relation between husband and wife 2. Relation between parent and child 3. Relation between ruler and subject 4. Relation between elder and younger brother (siblings) 5. Relation between friend and friend, Ruler to subject, parent to child, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend; none of these were equal except with friends)
- Marco Polo
- Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan
- Confucianism
- teachings of Confucius emphasizing the love for humanity
- Great Wall of China
- wall 1,500 miles long built in Northern China 3rd Century BC
- Warlords
- local and inner leader with military background and following
- Meritocracy
- the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
- Tributary states
- independent state that acknowledges the leader of the society and pays a reward for his duties
- Legalism
- strict conformity to law to permit order
- Tang Dynasty
- imperial dynasty in China ruling from 618 to 907
- Ming Dynasty
- imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644
- Macao
- a Portuguese province on the south coast of China and two islands in the South China Sea
- Filial Piety
- Idea created by Confucius that parents are the most important and they should be treated with the most respect
- Civil Service System
- system determined by merit, not by family history or background, system of reward saying if you work, you get rewarded
- Qianlong's Letter to George III
- When the Chinese emperor Qianlong (reigned 1736-1796) wrote this letter in 1793 to George III (reigned 1760-1820), he was writing as a well-established monarch of a powerful, prosperous dynasty, the Qing, established in 1644. This dynasty, founded by Manchus, won respect from the majority Han Chinese by adopting values and institutions understood to be historically "Chinese." This process included the adoption of a variety of Confucianism that placed importance on self-sufficiency and, in terms of the outside world, a world view that placed China at the center of human civilization.
- Song Dynasty
- imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
- Empire
- groups of societies, countries, villages, places ruled under a single authority
- Shihuangdi
- the first emperor who founded the Qin Dynasty, unified system and China with legalism