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China Term List

Terms

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SuZy Q HaS Toes
S- Shang Dynasty Z- Zhou Dynasty Q- Qin Dynasty H- Han Dynasty S- Sui Dynasty T- Tang Dynasty S- Song Dynasty
Zhou Dynasty
imperial dynasty in China ruling from 1122 to 221 B.C.
Kublai Khan
Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China
Mongols
People from the country of Mongolia that were greatly weakened by China in the mid-700's.
Daoism
philosophical idea that represents simple life and happiness
Sui Dynasty
dynasty that brought China together after being apart for 400 years
Qing Dynasty
the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries
Dynasty
a family or group of people that rules a certain society for several generations
Genghis Khan
Mongolian Emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean, 1162-1227
Grand Canal
inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China
Pax Mongolica
"Mongol Peace" term and motto used to describe the eased communication used in the Mongol Empire, said by Western scholars to describe the alleged stabilizing effects of the conquest of the Mongol Empire
Analects
collected and created by the disciples of Confucius in 400 B.C.
Dynastic Cycle
pattern of the rise of dynasties (in China)
Han Dynasty
mperial dynasty that ruled China from 206 BC to 221 and expanded and developed bureaucracy
Qin Dynasty
dynasty that was preced by the Zhou Dynasty, under the first emperor Shihuangdi, marked beginning of imperial China
The Way of Virtue
collective writings of Laozi (the "Old Master")
Bureaucracy
non-elected government officials
Mandate of Heaven
regular passing of different dynasties to keep political order
Shang Dynasty
imperial dynasty ruling China from 18th to 12th century B.C.
Silk Road
ancient trade road/route between China and the Mediterranean, goes for 4,000 miles
Manchus
Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire
Zheng He
imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa
Feudalism
the feudal system (involving much detail, first used in the 17th century)
Ancestor Worship
worship and honoring of ancestors through rituals
Yin and Yang
Balance between good and bad, developed in China (for every bad (yin) there is a good (yang))
Five Relationships
1. Relation between husband and wife 2. Relation between parent and child 3. Relation between ruler and subject 4. Relation between elder and younger brother (siblings) 5. Relation between friend and friend, Ruler to subject, parent to child, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend; none of these were equal except with friends)
Marco Polo
Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan
Confucianism
teachings of Confucius emphasizing the love for humanity
Great Wall of China
wall 1,500 miles long built in Northern China 3rd Century BC
Warlords
local and inner leader with military background and following
Meritocracy
the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
Tributary states
independent state that acknowledges the leader of the society and pays a reward for his duties
Legalism
strict conformity to law to permit order
Tang Dynasty
imperial dynasty in China ruling from 618 to 907
Ming Dynasty
imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644
Macao
a Portuguese province on the south coast of China and two islands in the South China Sea
Filial Piety
Idea created by Confucius that parents are the most important and they should be treated with the most respect
Civil Service System
system determined by merit, not by family history or background, system of reward saying if you work, you get rewarded
Qianlong's Letter to George III
When the Chinese emperor Qianlong (reigned 1736-1796) wrote this letter in 1793 to George III (reigned 1760-1820), he was writing as a well-established monarch of a powerful, prosperous dynasty, the Qing, established in 1644. This dynasty, founded by Manchus, won respect from the majority Han Chinese by adopting values and institutions understood to be historically "Chinese." This process included the adoption of a variety of Confucianism that placed importance on self-sufficiency and, in terms of the outside world, a world view that placed China at the center of human civilization.
Song Dynasty
imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279
Empire
groups of societies, countries, villages, places ruled under a single authority
Shihuangdi
the first emperor who founded the Qin Dynasty, unified system and China with legalism

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