Anth251 Exam 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- cultural ontology
- notion of what is out there, what exists (Western world--ghosts, supernatural does not exist)
- adoption
- used in shintoism in japan for cultural continuity, adopt an adult, change his name to yours, marry him to your daughter so he will carry the tradition, linear descent
- commercial primitive art
- traditional 4th world origin and alien society destined
- cultural hybrid vigor
- raw material from one culture (transportable) and design of asthetics from the other (style of borrowing group) creates a product much more vigorous than either culture was before contact
- brahma
- from atman, creation, active component of atman
- kshatrya
- warriors, conquerors, 2nd tier down on pyramid
- aware
- "perishability" japanese way to maintain cultural continuity, value materials that are organic and perishable, shintoism
- brahmas
- creator, major diety of hinduism
- myth material cultural mutual referentiality
- object brings myth into being, myth referred to in objects around you (myth tells about basket, basket tells about myth)
- shiva
- destroyer of worlds
- modal personality
- specific personality type of culture
- maya
- empirical world, (external, senses) neither real nor unreal but it is empirically real
- reintegrated art
- (ex. molas silverwork) synthesis of native and alien (syncretism) and 4th world destined
- radical dualism
- nature and sacred
- kalpas
- giant cycles of time
- traditional art
- traditional 4th world origin and 4th world targeted
- aryans
- indoeuropean speakers, ancestors of india
- simplicity
- principle design in japan, furyu, refined elegance coupled with pleasure
- drugophobic
- Western society/ believe in rational, waking states
- ninjas
- attack at night, black, assassins
- iconographic
- can figure out what it means
- descarte
- humans are absolutely rational beings
- yayoi
- invaders of japan 300bc to 300ad
- atman
- god head of hinduism, gnosis--pure consciousness, mind exists eternally to contemplate
- hochxo
- Navajo word for evil, disorder, ugly, associated with First Girl
- mandala
- object of concentration in esoteric buddhism, stratifed society
- shudras
- poor rice farmers, provide basic cultural staple of rice, bottommost tier on pyramid
- cha no yu
- tea ceremony achieve satori
- upanishads
- sacred book of hinduism, last veddas
- rasa
- theory of art, flavor, essence, taste, nectar, compelling, sensual
- soga
- local elites in Japan, military rulers of linear descent c lan
- mado
- Yekuana name given to jaguar
- parallel political evolution
- two political systems with no contact evolve imperial to feudalism, increase competition
- brass
- bronze but with higher copper content
- koan
- test, verbal test give apprentices to move away from rational thought, meditate meaning
- Varnas
- Indian group of castes
- toku gaua
- centralized feudal system in japan 1600 ad
- maya
- alternate, empirical reality called Maya, world of the senses, not real (illusion) according to Hindu/ Buddhism
- hozho
- Navajo word for beauty associated with First Boy
- boddisativa
- assimilate saintly figures, believer who achieves enlightenment salvation through enlightenment, back to earth to save others
- bharata
- classical thinker Hinduism, like Homer, oral tradition
- symbolic
- only can figure out what means by asking producer of art work
- bronze
- metal used in benin, tin and copper, harder than either alone
- sanskrit
- classical hinduism language, sacred, used in bali
- cross media isomorphism
- similar form in different media
- vwayang
- puppet theater, based on shadow play, bali
- yugen
- one of japans four principles of design, suggestibility, tanka and haiku, intuitive feeling
- kabuki
- drama new art form flourishes, rise of merchant class
- bonsai
- tiny tree growing, achieve satori
- oragami
- paper folding to achieve satori
- dozoyu
- linear descent, like clans, adoption, japan, must abandon own ancestors and adopt those of others
- archetypes
- common themes jung suggest are found around the world (w/same beliefs)
- haniwa
- ceramic figurines of yayoi, realistic copies of aristrocrates, come alive in next life
- musubi
- aesthetic concept of shintoism, "change"b/c from decay comes life, nature worship, strive for dynamic balance
- oba
- benin king
- the tale of genji
- first novel in world written in japan by lady murasaki, a woman, a pillow book; very important b/c aesthetics, origin literary genre, represents literacy to anyone, not just males
- rites of passage
- 1 separation, 2 transition, 3 reintegration into society
- sings
- Navajo; shamans curing ceremonies, memorization of mythic texts, called "ways"; curing through creatinog of the product not end product
- heian art
- 600 ad to 1200ad
- karma
- sacred virture, achieve if behave as perfect varna
- theocracies
- governing of the state by chiefs, gods (god king) like in benin
- jojora
- golden mean, prime right in the middle
- veddas
- written texts of india
- basho
- greatest japanese poet
- kami
- god spirit of shintoism, human like gods and spiririts, lies in natural raw materials
- folk art
- artifices, multiple copies, not creative
- shinto
- indigenous religion of yayoi in japan, shamanic nature worship, direct contact supernatural, priesthood and temples, based life/death cycle
- assimilated novelty art
- (soapstone carving) synthesis of native and alien (syncretism) and alien society destined
- gemelan
- gong orchestra of bali, woven around performance, multimedia
- esoteric
- art that people who produce keep hidden, do not share widely
- weft
- horizontal elements, represent navajo female
- jomon
- earliest pottery developed in 10000-8000 bc in japan
- amida
- form of buddha, live with w. paradixe, soul go there after death, reborn, go to heaven
- cultural epistemology
- theory of learning, how acquire knowledge (Western world-waking states)
- samuri
- heavily armoured Japanese knight during medieval time 1200 ad to 1600ad, part of nobility, supreme fighting force on earth
- yogi
- contemplation, highest form of art in hinduism, no empirical element, no output, perfect form of art
- lost wax technique
- metallurgy technique used in Benin to produce Bronze
- literati
- japanese beaurocrat need keep literature, 40000different characters
- disfrassismo
- couple two terms , use single set as metaphor (flower and song/ nature and culture)
- surya
- indian sun god (Greek counterpart was Helius)
- codex
- aztec form of writing, hieroglyphic
- amida buddhism
- new sector of religion, 900 ad, salvation of faith alone, need pure heart, total committment, call out to amida, will be saved, percolution buddhism into lower classes, more accessible to the masses
- Robert Armstrong
- emphasized affective presence of art, projects emotional content (bali)
- wabi
- imperfection or rusticity, folk culture, japanese
- warp
- verticle elements that hold textile together, represent navajo male
- ephebism
- always show in prime, when most beautiful (benin and yoruba)
- rangda
- witch from Bali, exaggerated, frightening, long hair, big canines, illness, cannibal spirit
- reincarnation
- coupled with karma, you will be born again
- means of worship
- carries your prayer (Navajo pottery)
- reintegrated art
- part traditional and part alien, hybrid, more elaborate than either was before
- vaishas
- merchant, crafts people (w/skill), 3rd tier down
- age area hypothesis
- innovation liek rectangular city blocks, occurs in particular location and that idea spreads outward
- linear
- world view of Western world
- interdigitation
- both masculine and feminine tratis tied together, balanced and complementary, bilateral symmetry
- object of worship
- instrinsically valuable of worship (Bible)
- nara
- capital city of japan that copied chinese imperial capital (city planning)
- waja
- twill-weave basket, only one side painted, still perceive designs; one side painted(illusion) and other side not painted (reality)
- Dyas
- indian sky god (Zeus greek counterpart)
- untouchables
- below pyramid, below caste system, considered polluted
- freud
- believed societies androcentric (masculinity everywhere)
- bushido
- art of the warrior, like western chivalry
- sekte
- japanese stone garden, emulates nature, man made but looks like made by nature, asymmetry
- androgynous
- sex-less (art of the Navajo)
- wabi/sabi
- rusticity/antiqueness (irregularity/distressing)
- banraku
- puppet theater of japan, for common ppl, popular form, plots more developed
- dyadic oppositions
- things look like locked in opposition; for example, first boy and first girl
- Enemy way
- Navajo, expiating souls of dead enemies killed in battle so can't come back and haunt them
- transitional system
- writing system of japan, pictographic writing to phonetic systems
- sylabary
- form of writing also used in japan, symbol for every syllable, 50 syllables
- okendo
- swordmanship to achieve satori, forgetfulness of self
- science
- existence from independent empirical world
- Golden mean
- emphasis on balance, everything should be done in moderation, Navajo belief
- sacred craft
- religious pottery frozen and made sacred, central to identity so can't give up
- wuwa
- burden basket created by Yekuana women
- barong
- bali dragon, positive, health, protection
- drugofilic
- traditional society, believe in altered states of consciousness
- millenarian
- spiral world view (aztecs)
- ikedana
- intense flower arranging to achieve satori
- vishnu
- preserver, functioning, sustain world
- aware
- principle design in japan, perishability, cherry blossoms
- satori
- enlightment in zen buddhism
- forgetfulness of self
- used to achieve principal goal of life in hinduism of spiritual emancipation from the senses, if engaged in art, completely outside of yourself
- esoteric
- earliest form of buddhism in japan 650 ad, largely elite religion, only educated had, salvation
- cultural continuity
- emphasis of shintoism, never let any form of art become extinct; do this by adoption and living natural treasure
- no
- drama technique, highly aristocratic, maximum suggestibility, no stage scenary, limited words, stylized, esoteric, suggestibility
- purity
- shinto priests very clean, all rituals cleanliness, shrines next to bodies of water; temple is IN nature
- ganesh
- elephant god of hinduism, make prosperous, animistic roots, therianthropic depiction
- diffusion
- traditional art that may not have originated with that culture but borrowed from other culture so long ago that it became a part of culture (Navajo borrowed pottery from Pueblo indians)
- ainu
- people that first lived in japan, hunters and gatherers, greatest fisheries in world, huge sedentary villages early
- jung
- believed societies less extreme in sexual divide
- horror vacui
- fear of empty spaces (northwest coast art)
- world iconography
- study natural elements in art, natural icon
- ethos
- major value that motivates civilization
- meiji period
- up until wwii
- origami
- god kami, make objects from god, technological
- brahmin
- priest, learned intellectuals, developed religion, top of pyramic
- equilibrium
- strive for in shintoism, but means that continual change to reach equilibrium
- zen
- buddhism of 1150 to 1200 AD, new basis Japanese aesthetics, enormously popular in japan, more gods the merrier,portable, nonintellectual buddhism, all need to do is achieve state of satori(enlightenment)