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bio final... ahhh!

Terms

undefined, object
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fine adjustment knob
adjustment knob used only with the high power objective
atom
smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element
pH scale
measurement scale used to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. ranges from 0-14
compound
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions.
enzyme
proteins that act as biological catalysts, speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
chloroplast
absorb energy and convert it into chemical energy used to make food-green
what are the 8 characteristics of living things?
Made of cells, Reproduction, Growth and Development, Based on Universal Genetic Code, Obtain materials and use energy, respond to environment, maintain stable internal environment, group changes over time
compound light microscope
microscope that uses two lenses and a light source
ionic bond
bond where atoms gain or lose electrons
hypotonic solution
solution that has a lower solute concentration on the outside then inside. water is higher outside
solvent
substance in which the solute dissolves
lysosomes
involved in breaking down organelles that have outlilved their usefulness, removes junk
solute
substance that is dissolved.
hydrophobic
nonpolar, fatty acid tails
electron
negative sub atomic particle
nucleus
condains DNA, code for protein
dehydration synthesis
the process where 2 monomers combine together to make a water molecule
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other material
monomers
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DNA
code for proteins
metabolism
combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down material as it carries out its lifes processes
species
groups of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
suspension
mixture of water and nondissolved materials
phylogeny
evolutionary relationships among organisms
base
above 7 on the pH scale
diaphragm
disc dial on the side of the microscope that controls the amount of light entering the microscope
monosaccharides
monomers of carbs
nucleic acid
store and transmit hereditary or genetic info.
hydrophylic
water loving, polar, phosphate head
polypeptides
polymers of proteins
leucoplast
stores food molecules- white
eyepiece
capable of 10x magnification, you look through it
covalent bond
bond where atoms share electrons
electron microscope
foucuses beams of electrons
amino acids
monomers of nucleic acids. more then 20 different ones
nucleolus
asembly of ribosomes begin, nuclei contain small/dense region
ribosomes
proteins are assembled on them, produces proteins, carry heretitary info.
centrioles
organized microtubules during cell division
taxonomy
scientist classify organisms and assign each organism a universally xcepted name
polar molecule
molecule where charges are unevenly distributed.
rough ER
transports proteins, has ribosomes on it
electromagnetic spectrum (rays)
consists of varrying wave lengths, including: radio, microwave, radar, infrared, visible light, UV, X-ray, gamma
dipeptides
dimers of proteins
nuclear envelope
double membrane that encloses genetic material in the cell
cytoskeleton
helps support the cell, helps maintain cells shape/movement
7 taxonomic categories
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neutron
neutral sub atomic particle
active transport
uses energy, (examples) endoctosis and exocytosis
binomial nomenclature
universally accepted name given to an organism
3 polysaccharides
starch, glycogen, cellulose
mixture
material composed of two or more elements that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
3 monosaccharides
gluctose, galactose, fructose
carbohydrate (function in organism, ratio)
short term energy, 1 carbon:2 hydrogen:1 oxygen
solution
mixure of two or more substnaces in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
molecule
smallest unit of most compounds
element
substance tht cant be broken down into simpler substnaces
large central vacuole
stores material and makes it possible for plants to store weight
heterotroph
orgainsm that obtains energy from the foods it consumes
mitochondria
organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds so they're convenient for the cell
nuclear pores
these (more then one)allow material to move into and out of the nucleus
low power objective
objective that has a magnification of 10x
proton
positive sub atomic paritcle
autotroph
organism that can capture evergy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food fromo iorganic compounds
scan objective
objective that has a magnification of 4x
lipids
store energy, also known as fats
organelles
specialized organs,little organs
cytoplasm
works with nucleus, helps with cell reproduction,portion outside nucleus
cholesterol
gives animal membrane stability
genus
make up species
classification
system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
disaccharides
dimers of carbs
cell wall
provides structure and support in a plant cell
DNA
universal code of instructions that determine their inherited traits.
acid
below 7 on the pH scale
homeostatis
maintaining an internal balance such as water content or temperature
reproduction
process where an organism produces more of its own kind
chromoplast
stores food molecules- many colors
3 dissacharides
maltose=g+g, sucrose=g+f, lactose=g+gal.
passive transport
uses no energy (osmosis, diffusion, facilitaded diffusion)
cell/plasma membrane
boundary, allows things to go in and out of the cell
coarse adjustment knob
adjustment knob used only with the scan and low power objectives
prokaryote
single celled orgainsm lacking a nucleus
hypertonic solution
solution has a higher solute concentration on the outised then inside. water is lower outside
monopeptides
monomers of proteins
evolution
gradual change in a species over time and in response to the environment
proteins
control rate of reaction, form muscles and bones
high power objective
objective that has a magnification of 40x
eukaryote
many cells, organism whose cells contain nuclei
isotope
element that has same amount of protons, but different amount of neutrons
polysaccharides
polymers of carbs
organic molecules
molecules that contain carbon
Taxonomic categories/Linnaeus's system of classification
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
smooth ER
sythesis of lipids, detoxification
macromolecules
made by bonding monomers to make polymers

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