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KHP Ch 5

Terms

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most mobile joint of body
shoulder joint
bones that serve as attachments for shoulder joint muscles
scapula, clavicle, and humerus
humeral landmarks
head, greater/lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity
shoulder joint is also known as the
Glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint is enarthrodial
multiaxial ball and socket
what support the GH joint
glenoid labrum, gh ligament, muscle tone (Rotator cuff)
GH ligaments are especially
anteriorly and inferiorly
why is GH jt frequently injured
shallowness of glenoid fossa, laxity of lig. structures, and lack of strength and endurance muscles
common injury of GH joint
anterior or antero-inferior glenohumeral subluxations & dislocations
rare injury of GH joint
posterior dislocations
4 small muscles of rotator cuff (SITS)
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
Where do the RC muscles attach
front, top & rear of humeral head
RC muscles do what
enable humeral rotation, and maintain humeral head in correct approximation within glenoid fossa while more powerful muscles act on humerus
upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from body
abduction
downward movement of humerus medially toward body from abduction
adduction
mvmnt of humerus straight anteriorly
flexion
movement of humerus straight posteriorly
extension
movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane toward & across chest
horizontal adduction
movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane away from chest
horizontal abduction
movement of humerus laterally around its long axis away from midline
external rotation
movement of humerus medially around its long axis toward midline
internal rotation
what are the 9 major muscles of the GH joint
deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
the only 2 extrinsic muscles of GH joint that originate on the trunk and insert on humerus are
Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
O and I of Pectoralis Major
O: Clavicle and sternum (upper fibers =clavicular head, lower fibers on sternal head) I: intertubercular groove
whole pect. major muscle movements
internal rotation, horizontal adduction
upper fibers of pect. major muscle mvmts
flexion, adduction, abduction
lower fibers of pect. major muscle mvmts
extension, adduction
works with serratus anterior (upward rotation) as is flexes and internally rotates humerus
Pect. Major
aids latissimus dorsi in extension and adduction of humerus
pectoralis major
works with anterior deltoid
pect. major
exercises using the pect. major
bench press, pushups, throwing, chin ups
movements of latissimus dorsi
adduction, extension, internal rotation, horizontal abduction
O and I of Lat. dorsi
O: illeum, sacrum, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae I: intertubercular groove
strong action in internal rotation and adduction
Latissimus dorsi
most important extensor of humerus
lat. dorsi
exercises of lat. dorsi
chin ups, dips, rope climbing, rowing, lat pulls
O and I of Deltoid
O: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle lateral acromion scapular spine I: deltoid tuberosity
Entire deltoid muscle mvmt
abduction
anterior fibers of deltoid mvmt
flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
posterior fibers of deltoid mvmt
extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
commonly used in any lifting mvmt and in all lifting mvmts when arms at side
deltoid
involved in all mvmts of humerus
deltoid
deltoid is
multipennate
exercises of deltoid
side-arm dumbbell raisies, abduction while arm slightly horizontally adducted, abduction while arm slightly horizontal abducted, upright rows
O and I of Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process of scapula I: middle and medial border of humerus
mvmts of Coracobrachialis
flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction
not a very powerful muscle
coracobrachialis
exercises of coracobrachialis
horizontal adduction against resistance (bench press), lat pulls
not very large, must possess strength and muscular endurance,
rotator cuff muscles
failure of rotator cuff muscle group in dynamically stabilizing humeral head in glenoid cavity occurs with:
repetitious overhead activities (throwing, swimming, pitching) along with poor technique, muscle fatigue, inadequate warm-up and conditioning
O and I of Supraspinatus
O: supraspinatus fossa I: superoir part of greater tubercle (humerus)
axn of supraspinatus
weak abduction, stabilization of the humeral head in glenoid fossa
must have excellent strength to prevent excessive mvmt of humeral head in glenoid fossa
supraspinatus
most commonly injured RC muscle; often strained with repetitious overhead mvmts (throwing, swimming)
supraspinatus
anterior subluxation of humeral head during throws
supraspinatus
O and I of Infraspinatus
O: infraspinatus fossa I: posteriorly on greater tubercle
axns of infraspinatus
external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
O and I of Teres Minor
O: posterior lateral border (scapula) I: posteriorly on greater tubercle (humerus)
axns of Teres minor
external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
O and I of Subscapularis
O: entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle (humerus)
axns of subscapularis
Internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
close proximity to joint; joint axns are weak
subscapularis
synergist to latissimus dorsi and teres major; internal rotation and extension
subscapularis
subscapularis exercises
rope climbing, lat pulls
O and I of Teres Major
O: inferior angle of scapula; posterior I: medial lip of the intertubercular groove (humerus)
axns of Teres Major
internal rotation, adduction, extension
works with lat. dorsi aka lat dorsia "little helper"
teres major
teres major exercises
lat pulls, dips

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