KHP Ch 5
Terms
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- most mobile joint of body
- shoulder joint
- bones that serve as attachments for shoulder joint muscles
- scapula, clavicle, and humerus
- humeral landmarks
- head, greater/lesser tubercle, intertubercular groove, deltoid tuberosity
- shoulder joint is also known as the
- Glenohumeral joint
- shoulder joint is enarthrodial
- multiaxial ball and socket
- what support the GH joint
- glenoid labrum, gh ligament, muscle tone (Rotator cuff)
- GH ligaments are especially
- anteriorly and inferiorly
- why is GH jt frequently injured
- shallowness of glenoid fossa, laxity of lig. structures, and lack of strength and endurance muscles
- common injury of GH joint
- anterior or antero-inferior glenohumeral subluxations & dislocations
- rare injury of GH joint
- posterior dislocations
- 4 small muscles of rotator cuff (SITS)
- Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis
- Where do the RC muscles attach
- front, top & rear of humeral head
- RC muscles do what
- enable humeral rotation, and maintain humeral head in correct approximation within glenoid fossa while more powerful muscles act on humerus
- upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from body
- abduction
- downward movement of humerus medially toward body from abduction
- adduction
- mvmnt of humerus straight anteriorly
- flexion
- movement of humerus straight posteriorly
- extension
- movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane toward & across chest
- horizontal adduction
- movement of humerus in a horizontal or transverse plane away from chest
- horizontal abduction
- movement of humerus laterally around its long axis away from midline
- external rotation
- movement of humerus medially around its long axis toward midline
- internal rotation
- what are the 9 major muscles of the GH joint
- deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
- the only 2 extrinsic muscles of GH joint that originate on the trunk and insert on humerus are
- Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
- O and I of Pectoralis Major
- O: Clavicle and sternum (upper fibers =clavicular head, lower fibers on sternal head) I: intertubercular groove
- whole pect. major muscle movements
- internal rotation, horizontal adduction
- upper fibers of pect. major muscle mvmts
- flexion, adduction, abduction
- lower fibers of pect. major muscle mvmts
- extension, adduction
- works with serratus anterior (upward rotation) as is flexes and internally rotates humerus
- Pect. Major
- aids latissimus dorsi in extension and adduction of humerus
- pectoralis major
- works with anterior deltoid
- pect. major
- exercises using the pect. major
- bench press, pushups, throwing, chin ups
- movements of latissimus dorsi
- adduction, extension, internal rotation, horizontal abduction
- O and I of Lat. dorsi
- O: illeum, sacrum, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae I: intertubercular groove
- strong action in internal rotation and adduction
- Latissimus dorsi
- most important extensor of humerus
- lat. dorsi
- exercises of lat. dorsi
- chin ups, dips, rope climbing, rowing, lat pulls
- O and I of Deltoid
- O: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle lateral acromion scapular spine I: deltoid tuberosity
- Entire deltoid muscle mvmt
- abduction
- anterior fibers of deltoid mvmt
- flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
- posterior fibers of deltoid mvmt
- extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
- commonly used in any lifting mvmt and in all lifting mvmts when arms at side
- deltoid
- involved in all mvmts of humerus
- deltoid
- deltoid is
- multipennate
- exercises of deltoid
- side-arm dumbbell raisies, abduction while arm slightly horizontally adducted, abduction while arm slightly horizontal abducted, upright rows
- O and I of Coracobrachialis
- O: coracoid process of scapula I: middle and medial border of humerus
- mvmts of Coracobrachialis
- flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction
- not a very powerful muscle
- coracobrachialis
- exercises of coracobrachialis
- horizontal adduction against resistance (bench press), lat pulls
- not very large, must possess strength and muscular endurance,
- rotator cuff muscles
- failure of rotator cuff muscle group in dynamically stabilizing humeral head in glenoid cavity occurs with:
- repetitious overhead activities (throwing, swimming, pitching) along with poor technique, muscle fatigue, inadequate warm-up and conditioning
- O and I of Supraspinatus
- O: supraspinatus fossa I: superoir part of greater tubercle (humerus)
- axn of supraspinatus
- weak abduction, stabilization of the humeral head in glenoid fossa
- must have excellent strength to prevent excessive mvmt of humeral head in glenoid fossa
- supraspinatus
- most commonly injured RC muscle; often strained with repetitious overhead mvmts (throwing, swimming)
- supraspinatus
- anterior subluxation of humeral head during throws
- supraspinatus
- O and I of Infraspinatus
- O: infraspinatus fossa I: posteriorly on greater tubercle
- axns of infraspinatus
- external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
- O and I of Teres Minor
- O: posterior lateral border (scapula) I: posteriorly on greater tubercle (humerus)
- axns of Teres minor
- external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
- O and I of Subscapularis
- O: entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa I: lesser tubercle (humerus)
- axns of subscapularis
- Internal rotation, adduction, extension, stabilizing humeral head in glenoid fossa
- close proximity to joint; joint axns are weak
- subscapularis
- synergist to latissimus dorsi and teres major; internal rotation and extension
- subscapularis
- subscapularis exercises
- rope climbing, lat pulls
- O and I of Teres Major
- O: inferior angle of scapula; posterior I: medial lip of the intertubercular groove (humerus)
- axns of Teres Major
- internal rotation, adduction, extension
- works with lat. dorsi aka lat dorsia "little helper"
- teres major
- teres major exercises
- lat pulls, dips