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unit 5 review

review flashcards for unit 5

Terms

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Scientific Revolution
an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method
William and Mary
Parliament replaced James II with his daughter MARY and her husband WILLIAM of Orange. William and Mary had to accept the English Bill of Rights
Age of Reason
ny period in history, esp. the 18th century in France, England, etc., characterized by a critical approach to religious, social, and philosophical matters that seeks to repudiate beliefs or systems not based on or justifiable by reason.
Oliver Cromwell
As Lord Protector of England he used his army to control the government and constituted military dictatorship.
Galileo Galilei
Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas
English Bill of Rights
King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parlaiment and the people
Voltaire
French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)
Scientific method
a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
Isaac Newton
Defined the laws of motion and gravity. Tried to explain motion of the universe.
Frederick the Great
Ruler of Prussia.He centralized the government. known as the Royal Drill Sargeant because of his life devotion to the Prussian Army.
Glorious Revolution
A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.
fallow
left unplowed and unseeded during a growing season
Charles II
successor,James II was disliked for his support of Catholicism in England
Constitutional monarchy
constitution that explains the powers of the government and owes allegiance to a monarch
John Locke
English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)
William Harvey
First scholar to describe the circulation of blood: the recirculation of the heart and blood vessels and etc.
Age of Absolutism
Time period where kings and queens ruled domains with total control over their people.
Enlightenment
a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions
Nicolaus Copernicus
stated the heliocentric theory (sun centered) of the universe.
Charles I
Son of James I, a king of England. He tried to govern without Parliament and to finance the English government by arbitrary levies, which brought large political conflict.
Geocentric
models of the universe based on the assumption that the sun, moon, and planets all orbit Earth
louis XIV
King of France (1643-1715). His reign, the longest in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court and the expansion of French influence in Europe. Louis waged three major wars: the Dutch War (1672-1678), the War of the Grand Alliance (1688-1697), and the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714).
Peter the Great
Ruler of Russia when he was 22. westernized his country for it to be successful. pull his people out of isolation. created the nav and started theconstructionj of a new capital city-St.Petersburgh-and trippled the size of Russia
Divine right of kings
god gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
Johannes Kepler
German mathematician;confirmed heliocentric theory;showed that planets moved in ellipses
Absolute monarchy
a system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power
Heliocentric
having the sun as the center
Eugene Delacroix
French romantic painter, master of dramatic colorful scenes that stirred the emotions. Greatest romantic painters. Fascinated with remote and exotic subjects. Masterpiece: Liberty Leading the People
Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
Johann Sebastian Bach
Devout German Lutheran, wrote complex and beautiful religious works.
Montesquieu
did not absolute monarchy, thought that power should be divided between branches, thought that there should be a checks and balances system
Miguel De Cervantes
Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)

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