Enzymes
Terms
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- "allo"
- different
- Catalyst
- enzyme
- Naming Enzymes
- end in "ase" the root of the word comes from the substrate which they act on
- Over the barrier
- promote acid-base reactions
- Enzyme feature
- each type of enzyme is very picky about substrates
- Enzyme feature
- reactions do not permanently alter or use up enzyme molecules, the same enzymes may act repeatedly
- Enzyme feature
- do not make anything happen that could not happen on its own usually makes it 100s of million times faster
- Enzyme feature
- the same type of enzyme usually works for the forward and reverse directions of a reaction
- Over the barrier
- helping substrates get together
- feedback inhibition
- a change caused by an activity shuts down that activity
- Pepsin
- only enzyme not around 6 and 8, gastric fluid, a highly acid liquid pH 1-2
- Role of enzyme
- a specific enzyme controls each of the chemical reactions that occurs in a living thing
- enzymes and ph
- work best with a pH aound 6 and 8
- Acitve Sites
- pockets in the enzyme surface, reacting molecules fit into it
- Over the barrier
- orienting substrates in positions that favor reactions- hydrolysis works this way
- enzymes consist of
- polypeptide chains
- substrate
- the substance acted upon by an enzyme
- Activation Energy
- the amount of energy needed to start a reaction
- Induced fit model
- shape change to fit substrate
- "steric"
- structure or state
- Catalyst
- a substance that affects the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed by the reaction. usually allow metabolic reactions to occer at body temperature
- Allosteric control
- molecules bind to an enzyme at a site other than an active site
- Lock and key model
- active site on the enzyme and its substrate fit each other like a lock and key only substrate that can fit into the active site
- Shape of an enzyme
- polpeptide chains folded in a particular way to give a distinct outer surface of the molecule
- Organic Catalysts
- enzymes
- Affecting factors of enzymes
- temperature- optimum is 37 degrees celcius ph- can denature too low of too high
- coenzymes info 2
- without coenzyme, the enzyme cannot function
- Coenzymes
- enzyme nonprotein partners that transfer hydrogen atoms and electrons stripped from molecules to reaction sites.
- rate of reaction
- typical enzyme- 1000 reactions/s
- Enzyme
- large, complex PROTEIN molecules that modify the rates of chemical reactions.
- tryptophan
- essential amino acid
- rise in temp
- increase reaction rates with enzymes
- Activation energy lowered by
- enzymes
- Coenzymes info
- many are vitamins