Child Psyc test 2
Terms
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- cephalocaudal
- pattern of growth that starts at the top of the head and gradually works down from top to bottom
- proximodistal
- pattern of growth that starts at the center of the bodies and move toward the extremities
- what is the typical height and weight of a baby in North America?
- 7.5 pounds and 20 inches long
- The growth year of the second year of life is considerably:
- slower
- the developing brain
- extensive growth in utero and infancy;100 billion neurons and it is still developing
- shaken baby syndrome
- brain swelling and hemorrhaging: fathers => care givers => boy friend of the mother
- PET and MRI scans may harm infants because:
- radiation risk & infants wiggle to much
- At birth newborn's brain is about _____ of its adult weight and by age 2 it is _____ of its adult weight.
- 25%; 75%
- EEG shows brain activity spurt from:
- 11/2 to 2 years of age
- Forebrain
- cerebral cortex with 2 hemispheres; there are 4 lobes in each hemisphere (frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal); each hemisphere has lateralization
- lateralization
- specialization of function
- frontal lobe
- voluntary movement and thinking
- parietal lobe
- body sensations
- temporal lobe
- hearing
- occipital lobe
- vision
- prefrontal cortex
- higher level of thinking
- left hemisphere myth
- language and logical thinking
- right hemisphere myth
- emotion and creative thinking
- enriched environments:
- make the brain grow
- impoverished environment
- children who grow up in a deprived environment may have depressed brain activity; depression is common; the brain demonstrates both flexibility and resilience it is thought to be irreversible
- sleep-waking cycle
- typical newborn sleeps 18 hours a day; usually sleep up to 8 hours a night by 8 months
- shared sleeping is controverisal
- benefits: promotes breast feeding, quicker response to the baby's cries, allows the mother to detect any potentially dangerous breathing pauses negatives: increase risk of mother rolling over on the baby and SIDS
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and dies w/o apparant cause; highest cause of infant death in US & highest risk is at 2-4 months
- Infants that have the highest risk for SIDS
- low birth weight, sibilings with SIDS, sleep apnea, lower SES groups, exposure to cigarette smoke, placement in soft bedding, abnormal brain stem functioning, AA & inuit infants
- from birth to 1 year of age, infants nearly _____ their birth weight and increase their lengeth by ______.
- triple; 50%
- nurtritional reccomendation
- 50 calories a day for each pound they weigh
- poor diets in infants
- french frys, sweetend drinks, and desserts are leading to overweight infants
- breast feeding benefits to the child
- fewer GI infections, fewer lower respiratory tract infections, protects against wheezing, lesslikely to develop middle ear infections, less likely to have atopic dermatitis, less likely to become overweight or obese in childhood & adulthood, less likey to develop type 1 diabetes, less likely to experience SIDS
- breast feeding benefits to the mother
- lower incidence of breast cancer, reduction of ovarian cancer, small reduction in type 2 diabetes
- malnutrition in infants
- maramus & kwashiorkor
- maramus
- caused by a severe protein-calorie deficiency and results in wasting away of infant tissues in the 1st year
- kwashiorkor
- caused by a severe protein deficiency, usually appears between ages 1 & 3
- Health in infants
- immunizations begin in infancy & accident prevention => increased monitoring
- asphyxiation
- leading cause of death under 1
- Habituation
- name given to decrease responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimuli
- dishabituation
- the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation