Biology
vocabulary Words
Terms
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- Gene
- (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain
- Chromosome
- a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
- Allele
- one of two alternate forms of a gene that can have the same locus on homologous chromosomes and are responsible for alternative traits
- Genotype
- the particular alleles at specified loci present in an organism
- Phenotype
- what an organism looks like as a consequence of its genotype
- Gamete
- a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
- Punnett Square
- a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
- Random Segregation
- during the formation of gametes the paired unit factors separate randomly so that each gamete receives one or the other.
- Crossing Over
- the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
- Independent Assortment
- the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes
- Meiosis
- (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
- Fertilization
- making fertile as by applying fertilizer or manure
- Zygote
- the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
- Dominant
- exercising influence or control
- Recessive
- of genes
- Homozygous
- having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
- Heterozygous
- having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
- Autosomal Inheritance
- Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome
- X-Linked Inheritance
- A pattern of inheritance in which a recessive gene is carried on the X chromosome, so that males are more likely to be affected
- Complete Dominance
- a relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another
- Codominance
- situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
- Incomplete Dominance
- one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele