Computers Chapter One
Terms
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- What is computer literacy
- Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses
- Where are computers in our daily life
- Everywhere
- What two things does a computer do with data
- Accepts data, then processes data into information.
- What is data
- Raw facts, figures, adn symbols
- What is information
- data that is organized, meaningful,and useful
- Once the data is turned into information, the computer does what
- Produces and stores the results
- List the five parts to the information processing cycle
- Input, process, output,storage,communication
- List some examples of data
- text, pictures, numbers, audio, and video
- What is an input device
- any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer.
- What is a user
- anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates.
- What are the five advantages of using computers
- Speed,reliability,consistency,storage,communications
- Why are computers so fast
- operations occur through electronic circuits. Data flows along the circuits at incredible speeds.
- How many operations are processed in a single second
- billions or trillions
- Why are computers reliable
- The electronic components in computers are dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail
- Why are computers consistent
- Given the same input, a computer will produce the same results consistently. Computers generate error free results, provided the input is correct.
- Why are computers good sources for storage
- They can store enormous amounts of data and make the data available for processing at any time
- Why are computers good to communicate with
- They can communicate with other computers and allow users to communicate with each other.
- What are four disadvantages of using computers
- Violate privacy,impact on labor force,health risks,impact on environment
- Computers violate privacy because...
- people can have their identities stolen and privacy violated if their data isnt stored protectively.
- Computers impact the labor force because...
- computers take some of the jobs that people used to do.
- Computers create health risks because...
- incorrect typing posture and lack of work breaks can be risks to your health
- Computers impact the environment because...
- they depleate natural resources adn pollute the environment.
- computers process________into________
- data,information or input, output
- What is the information processing cycle
- series of input, process, output, and storage activities
- What has recently become an essential element to the information processing cycle
- communications
- What is hardware
- electric,electronic,and mechanical components
- What do some of these components in hardware include
- input devices, output devices,a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices
- Imput device
- hardware component that allows you to enter data and instrictions into a computer.
- Name 6 imput devices
- mouse , keyboard, microphone, scanner, digital camera, dn PC video camera
- Keyboard
- contains keys you press to enter information
- What imput devise is defined as s small handheld device that you control movement of a small symbol on the screen with
- mouse
- name of the symbol on the screen that selects options
- pointer
- What does a microphone allow the speaker to do
- speak into the computer to enter data and instructions.
- purpose of a scanner
- converts printed material into a form that the computer can use.
- digital camera
- take pictures and transfer the images onto the computer or printer instead of on film
- PC video camera
- digiatal video camera that allows users to create a movie or take still photographs electronically.
- What is an output device
- any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people.
- three output devices
- printer, monitor, speakers
- purpose of a printer
- produces text adn graphics on a physical medium such as paper
- purpose of a monitor
- displays textgraphics,and videos on a screen
- purpose of speakers
- allow you to hear music,voice,and other audio sounds
- what is a system unit
- case that contains electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.
- What is the circuitry of the system unit connected to or part of
- the motherboard
- Two main components on the mother board
- the processor and the memory
- What is another name for the processer
-
the CPU
Or the central processing unit - What does the CPU do
- interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
- what does the memory do
- store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.
- How long does memory keep data
- temporarily usually, contents are erased whtn the computer is shut off.
- what do storage devices hold
- data, instructions, adn infromation
- How long does storage hold items
- permanately
- What is storage media
- what the computer keeps information and data on
- Examples of storage media
- floppy disks,cds,usb flash drives,dvds,and memory cards
- what is a storage device
- records or writes and or retrieves or reads items to and from the storage media
- What do storage devices often function as
- imput devices
- why are storage devices also imput devices
- they transfer items form storge to memory
- floppy disk
- thin, circular disk enclosed in a hard plastic shell
- how much information can be stored on a floppy
- 1.4 million characters
- where do you put the floppy
- floppy disk drive
- USB flash drive
- small portable storage device with more storage than a floppy
- Hard disk
- more storage than floppy and usb flash. Enclosed in an airtight,sealed case.
- Where are most hard disks stored
- inside the system unit
- how much information can hard disks hold
- 80 billion characters
- compact disc
- flat, round, portable metal disc with plastic coating.
- two types of compact discs
- cd rom and dvd rom
- how much space does a dvd have
- enough for 2 full length movies
- Can you access a dvd in a cd rom drive
- no, only dvd drive
- Memory cards
- transfer stored items from the card onto a computer or printer
- communication device
- hardware component that enables a computer to send and received data to and from one or more computers
- What is a widely used communications device
- modem
- how can communication occur
- over wires, cables, satellites,etc.
- What is a network
- collection of computers adn devices commected together via communications devices and transmission midia.
- When is a computer online
- when it connects to a network
- Networks allow what that saves money and time
- sharing resources, hardware, software, data,and information
- What is the internet
- is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, adn individuals
- How many people around the world use the internet
- more than one billion
- reasons for the internet
- communicate adn meet people,access lots of news findings,ship, bank,take classes, entertainment
- Access providers
- offer access to the internet free or for a charge
- When using an access provider you can do what
- use your computer adn a modem to connect to the many services of the internet
- Web
- short for world wide web, one of the most popular services ont eh In
- What does the web contain
- billions of documents called web pages
- Web page
- contain text, graphics, audio, adn video.
- What are the built in conections on web pages called
- links
- Who can make a web site
- anyone
- Software
- series of instructions that tells the computer what to do ad how to do it.
- another name for software is...
- program
- How do you interact with a program
- throught the user interface, or graphical user interface
- What is a GUI
- you interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images suc as icons
- Icon
- miniature image that represents a prgroam, adn instruction, or some other object
- two categories of software
- system software, application software
- system software
- consists of the programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices.
- System software serves as the interface between____adn ____adn _____.
- user,application softwar,and the computer's hardware
- two types of system software
- utility programs adn operating system
- Operating System
- set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices
- operating system provides means for users to do what
- communicate with the computer adn other software
- example of an operating system
- windows xp
- When a user starts the computer parts of the operating system load onto the_____from the _______ _______.
- memory, hard disk
- how long is the operating system in the memory
- only while the computer is on
- Utility program
- allows user to perform maintenance type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs.
- Can you buy utility programs
- yes
- Application software
- programs designed to make users more productive and assist them with personal tasks
- Widely used application software
- web browser
- web browser
- allows those with a connection to view web pages.
- types of popular application software
- word processing, spreadsheet,database,presentation graphics
- Installing
- setting up software to work with the computer,printer, adn other hardware components
- How do you install
- insert the program disk,the computer copies info onto the hard disk,then run the program
- Run
- use program
- How does the computer run a program
- computer loads the program,and the program is copied from the storage to memory, once in memory the computer can carry out the program
- Execute
- carry out the instructions in the program
- Programmer
- someone who develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information.
- Popular programming languages
- C++, C#, Visual basic.NET, JavaScript, Java
- 6 categories of computers
- personal,mobile,mobile devices,midrange servers,mainframes,supercomputers, embedded computers
- what consitutes what kind of computer something is
- size, speed, processing power, price
- personal computer
- can perform all of its imput, processing,output,adn storage activities by itself
- What does a pc contain
- input, output, storage devices, memory, processor
- two popular personal computers
- pc adn apple
- How are they different
- use different operating systems
- two types of personal computers
- desktop and notebook
- desktop computer
- everything fits on or under a desk or table
- mobile computer
- personal computer you can carry from place to place
- most popular mobile device is...
- notebook computer
- notebook/laptop
- portable, personal computer designed to fit on your lap
- How do these laptops operate
- on battery, or power supply or both
- Tablet PC
- notebook that allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen.
- mobile device
- handheld, store programs on memory or on system units,some are internet enabled
- examples of mobile devices
- smart phone, smart watch, pda
- handheld computer/handtop computer
- computer small enough to fit in one hand
- PDA personal digital assistant
- provides personal organizer systems
- stylus
- primary input device that looks like a small ballpoint pen.
- smart phone
- internet enabled phone that also provides pda capabilities
- another name for smart phones and pda's
- handhelds
- smart watch
- internet enables watch
- midrange server
- more powerful and larger than a desktop. support hundreds of computers at the same time
- access a midrange server with
- personal computer or terminal
- terminal
- device with a monitor,keyboard,memory
- mainframe
- large,expensive computer that handles thousands of connected users at the same time
- What percent of transactions do mainframes process
- 83
- supercomputers
- fastest,most powerful,most expensive computer.
- how many instructions can a supercomputer process in a second
- 100 trillion
- embedded computers
- special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product.
- home user
- family member
- small office/home office
- office with less than 50 people or a home office
- mobile users
- work on computer while away from a main office or school
- power user
- requires the capabilities fo a powerful desktop computer called a workstation.
- large business user
- person in a large business
- enterprise computing
- huge network of computers that meet diverse computing needs
- Telecommunicating
- work arrangement in which employees work away from a company's standard workplace and communicate to office through computer