Intro to Islam Final
Intro to Islam terms
Terms
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- Dhimmi
- non-muslims living in Islamic territory
- Aqidah
- Doctrine, gods nature
- Kalam
- theological debates
- Umar
- 2nd caliph 634-644
- Faqir
- a Sufi, one who performs feats of endurance or apparent magic.
- Ali
- 4th caliph 656-660
- Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab
- founder of Wahhabism
- Tasawwuf
- another name for sufism
- Ashura
- 10th day of first month of islamic calandar, well-known because of mourning for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
- Abu Bakr
- 1st caliph 632-634
- Wahhabiyah
- a conservative 18th century reform movement of Sunni Islam, ormed the creed upon which the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded
- Ahl al-Bayt
- the household, family, of mohammed, ie fatima and ali
- Taqwa
- higher or god consciousness
- Rabi'ah Basriyah
- a sahabah (companion) of mohammed
- Ahmadís
- followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad from Punjab, India, a Muslim who claimed to have fulfilled Christian and Islamic prophecies
- Khumaini
- the political leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran
- Darul Islam
- territories ruled by Islam
- Jamal al-Din Afghani
- one of the founders of Islamic modernism
- Sufi
- mystic tradition within Islam that encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Divine love and the cultivation of the elements of the Divine within the individual
- Mu'tazilah
- theological school of thought originated in the 8th century which relies on reason and logic
- Shi'ah
- muslims who believe that Ali and his descendents are the true leaders of the Islamic community
- Uthman
- 3rd caliph 644-656
- Elijah Muhammad
- leaders of the Black Muslims and the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He also was an early important teacher and mentor to Malcolm X
- Khalifah
- successor to mohammed
- Islah
- reform
- Ali Shari'ati
- an Iranian sociologist, well known and respected for his works in the field of sociology of religion.
- Al-Khulafa' Al-Rashidun
- rightly guided caliphs
- Taqlid
- the acceptance of a religious ruling in matters of worship and personal affairs from someone regarded as a higher religious authority without necessarily asking for the technical proof
- Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan
- an Indian educator and politician who pioneered modern education for the Muslim community in India by founding the Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University
- Khilafah
- system of the kalifah
- Durwaish
- ascetic sufi's, known for their extreme poverty and austerity
- Hasan Basri
- scholar of Islam who is held in high regard by the Sufis for his asceticism
- Niyah
- understanding of intention
- Abbasids
- second and longest ruling family of caliphs 750-1500
- Ihsan
- the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship
- Jizyah
- special tax for non-muslims who don't pay zakat
- Ibrahim Adham
- a Sufi saint and ascetic
- Isma'ilis
- a branch of shi'a islam, believing in the seven immams
- Ibn Arabi
- an Arab Muslim mystic and philosopher. . His emphasis was on the true potential of the human being and the path to realising that potential and becoming the perfect or complete man
- Muhammad Abduh
- religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as the founder of Islamic Modernism
- Junayd Baghdadi
- one of the great early mystics, or Sufis, of Islam. He laid the groundwork for sober mysticism
- Mawdudi
- a Pakistani journalist, theologist and political philosopher, and is considered an influential 20th century Islamic thinker
- Shura
- consultation
- Shah Waliullah
- an important Islamic reformer who has been called "the greatest intellectual Muslim India produced
- Muslim Brotherhood
- a multi-national Sunni Islamist movement and the world's largest, most influential political Islamist group
- Umayyads
- first family of caliphs from 661-750
- Jama'at Islami
- an Islamist political party in Pakistan founded by mawdudi
- Black Muslims
- African slaves who were forced to abandon their Islamic beliefs and convert to Christianity
- Shaikh
- elder of a tribe, lord, revered wise man, or Islamic scholar.
- Hasan al-Banna
- an Egyptian social and political reformer, best known for founding the Muslim Brotherhood, one of the largest and most influential 20th century Sunni revivalist organizations
- Khawarij
- extremist movement, "anyone that commits sin is no longer a muslim"