Pharmacology Winter 2005 - Tier 2
Terms
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- Epinephrine
-
alpha & beta Adrenergic agonist
MOA: beta-2 agonist --> increased cAMP -->immediate relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells-->bronchodilation -
Albuterol/Ventolin, Proventil
Salmeterol/Serevent -
beta-2 agonist
(Salmeterol long acting beta-2 agonist)
MOA: Bronchodilation via --> beta-2-adrenergic receptor stimulation-->increased cAMP levels-->bronchial smooth muscle relaxation - Beclomethasone/beclovent
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corticosteroid
MOA: decreased inflammation & edema in respiratory tract via reduction in # & activity of møs, eos, t-lymphs, decreased permeability of capillaries, inhibited release of leukotrienes - Cromolyn/Intal
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mast cell inhibitor
MOA: prevents release of inflammatory mediators (histamine) from mast cells, møs, neuts, eos - Zafirlukast/Accolate
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Leukotriene receptor antagonist
MOA: competitive antagonism of leukotriene D4 & E4 receptors--> inhibits bronchoconstriction - Prednisone/Deltasone
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corticosteroid
MOA: decrease inflammation & edema in respiratory tract - Diphenyhydramine/Benadryl
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sedating antihistamine
MOA: H1 receptor blocker
the production and release of histamine is not blocked! - Loratadine/Claritin
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non-sedating antihistimine
MOA: H1 receptor antagonist - Codeine
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analgesic
MOA: opiod agonist, weaker than morphine - Dextromethorphan
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antitussive, synthetic derivative of codeine analog
MOA: suppresses the sensitivity of CNS cough centers - Morphine sulfate/MS Contin
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narcotic analgesic
MOA: opiod agonist, raise pain threshold at spinal cord level, alter brain's perception of pain - Fentanyl/Duragesic
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narcotic analgesic
MOA: similar to morphine w/80x the analgesic property of morphine - Naloxone/Narcan
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narcotic antagonist
MOA: bind with high affinity to opiod receptors but fail to activate the receptor mediated response - Aspirin
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NSAID analgesic
MOA: irreversible inhibition of COX-1 & COX-2 enzymes. anti-inflamm & analgesic effects dt blockade of prostaglandin synthesis at target tissues. anti-pyretic effect dt blockade at thermoregulatory centers in HTH. PGE2 sensitizes nerve endings to actions of bradykinins, histamines & other inflammatory mediators - Ibuprofen/Motrin, Advil
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NSAID analgesic
MOA: reversible inhibition of COX-1 & COX-2 enzymes
effect dt blockade of prostaglandin synthesis at target tissue - Celecoxib/Celebrex
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NSAID analgesic
MOA: reversible selective COX-2 inhibition - Acetaminophen/Tylenol
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analgesic, antipyretic
MOA: weak peripheral blockade of prostaglandin synthesis - Lidocaine/Xylocaine
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amide local anesthetic
MOA: temporary reduciton of nerve membrane permeability to Na+
action potentials cannot be generated or propagated - Benzonatate/Tessalon
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ester local anesthetic
MOA: numbing of stretch receptors in the bronchus diminishes cough reflex - Phenobarbitol
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sedative hypnotic/barbituate
MOA: binding to barbituate receptors in the CNS-->interruption of Na/K ion exchange = enhanced GABA sensitivity - Diazepam/Valium
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anxiolytic/benzodiazepine/sedative hypnotic
MOA: GABA agonist. binds to benzodiazepine receptor--> enhancing GABA activity - Flumazenil
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benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
MOA: competitive antagonist - Imipramine/Tofranil
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antidepressant
MOA: blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and seratonin - Bupropion/Wellbutrin, Zyban
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atypical antidepressant
MOA: inhibits reuptake of norepi, seratonin, and at high doses, dopamine - Isocarboxazid/Marplan
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MOAI antidepressant
MOA: inhibits monoamine oxidase - Fluoxetine/Prozac
- MOA: SSRI antidepressant
- Lithium
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antidepressant
MOA: inhibits synthesis of the second messenger IP3 - Methylphenidate/Ritalin, Concerta
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CNS stimulant
MOA: indirect acting adrenergic agonist increases release of norepi - Levodopa/L-Dopa
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: increases synthesis of dopamine - Bromocriptine/Parlodel
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: dopamine receptor agonist - Selegiline/Eldepryl
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: MAO inhibitor - Benztropine/Congentin
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: muscarinic & histaminic receptor antagonist anti-cholinergic - Amantadine/Symmetrel
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: increased release of dopamine by unknown mechanism - Entacapone/Comtan
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Antiparkinsonian
MOA: COMT inhibitor - Donepezil/Aricept
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Alzheimers
MOA: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - Interferon beta-1b/Betaseron
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multiple sclerosis
MOA: immune modulation/biologic response modifier - Clonazepam/Klonapin
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benzodiazepine
MOA: anti-seizure MOA unclear - Phenytoin/Dilantin
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anticonvulsant
MOA: reduces Na+, Ca+, and K currents across neuronal membranes. unclear as to which effect is responsible for seizure prophylaxis - Primidone/Mysoline
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anticonvulsant
MOA: exact MOA unknown, but phenobarbitol is a metabolite of primidone - Carbamazepine/Tegretol
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anticonvulsant
MOA: similar to phenytoin in the reduction of Na+, Ca+ & K currents across neuronal membranes - Valproic acid/Depakote
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anticonvulsant
MOA: unknown, enhancement of GABA transmission has been postulated