science ch 6 EKK
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- small intestine
- The major portion of all digestion takes place in your _____ _____.
- carbon
- Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and fats all contain _______.
- Minerals, water
- _______ and _________ can be absorbed directly into your bloodstream.
- stomach
- The walls of the ______ _______ have many ridges and folds.
- copper, iodine
- ______ and _____ are usually listed as trace elements.
- gallbladder
- Bile is stored in a small sac called the _________.
- Fats
- ____ are necessary because they provide energy and help you body absorb some vitamins.
- food pyramid
- The ______ ______ presents the basic food groups and serving suggestions.
- Whole grains
- ______ ______ supply many needed amino acids in addition to the carbohydrates they supply.
- trace minerals
- Some minerals, called ______ ______, are required in small amounts.
- fat tissue
- Fat is stored in the body in the form of _____ ______.
- mouth
- Some chemical digestion also starts in your ______.
- Water
- Next to oxygen, ______ is the most vital factor for survival.
- bread, cereal
- The food pyramid shape reminds you that you should consume more servings from the ____ and ____ group than from the meat and milk group.
- energy, growth
- Eating a certain amount form each food group each day will supply your body with the nutrients it needs for _____ and _____.
- mouth
- Mechanical digestion begins in the _____.
- esophagus
- Your ______ is a muscular tube through which food passes to your stomach.
- Saturated fats
- ______ ______ are found in red meats and are usually solid at room temperature.
- duodenum
- As chyme leaves your stomach, it enters the first part of the small intestine called the _____.
- sugar, starch, cellulose
- The three types of carbohydrates are _____, ______, and ______.
- pancreas
- The ________ produces substances that stop stomach acid action and enzymes that break down organic nutrients.
- vitamin D
- Bone cells need ______ to use calcium.
- water
- Saliva is made up mostly of _____.
- Fat tissue
- ______ _____ cushions your internal organs.
- 14
- About ________ minerals are used by your body.
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogens
- Proteins are large molecules that contain _____, _____, ______ and _______.
- cholesterol
- saturated fats have been associated with high levels of ______ which can lead to heart disease and strokes.
- saliva
- As you chew, your tounge moves food around and mixes it with a watery substance called _______.
- absorb water
- The main job of the large intestine is to _____ _____ from the undigested food mass.
- Homeostasis
- ___________ is the regulation and maintenance of an organism's internal environment.
- Chemical digestion
- _______ _______ breaks down large molecules of food into different, smaller molecules that can be absorbed by cells.
- amino acids
- A molecule of protein is made up of a large number of subunits, or building blocks called _____ _____.
- Enzymes
- ________ speed up reactions without themselves being changed or used up.
- carbohydrates
- ________ are the main sources of energy for your body.
- Enzymes
- _______ are protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in your body.
- organic nutrients
- Nutrients that contain carbon are called ______ ______.
- calcium, phosphorus
- Of the 14 minerals, _____ and ____ are used in the largest amount for a variety of body functions.
- rectum, anus
- Muscles in the _____ and ______ control the release of solidified wastes form the body in the form of feces which leave the body at the anus
- Starch
- ______ is in foods such as potatoes and those from grains such as pasta.
- absorbed
- Villi make the surface of the small intesine greater so that food has more places ot be ______.
- peristalsis
- Muscular contractions, called ______, move food along throughout the digestive system.
- sparingly
- The food pyramid reminds you to use fats, oils and sweets ________.
- growth
- Your body uses proteins for ______>
- liver, bile
- Your _____ produces a greenish fluid called ____.
- inorganic
- Mineral and water are ______.
- oxygen
- _______ is the most vital factor for survival.
- 60
- The human body is about ____% water by weight.
- amino acids
- Eggs, milk and cheese contain all the essential _____ ______.
- sunlight
- While you get most vitamins from outside sources, your body makes vitamin D when your skin is exposed to _______.
- minerals
- Inorganic nutrients that regulate many chemical reactions in your body are _______.
- nutrients
- ______ are substances in foods the provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair.
- Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats, minerals, water
- Name 6 types of nutrients that are available in food.
- Mechanical digestion
- ______ ______ takes place when food is chewed and mixed in the mouth and churned in your stomach.
- chyme
- After about four hours in your stomach, food turns into a thin, watery liquid called ______.
- Enzymes
- _______ help join or break up two substances.
- mucus, salivary amylase
- Saliva also contains _____ and the enzyme ______ ______ that starts the breaksown of starch to sugar.
- vitamins
- Essential, organic nutrients needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients are called ______.
- Water
- _______ enables chemical reactions to take place in cells.
- 4
- Food moves through your stomach in about __ hours.
- Digestion
- the process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can move into the blood.
- villi
- The folds in the small intestines are covered with tiny, fingerlike projections called _____.
- Proteins
- ______ are involved int he replacement and repair of body cells.
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- Carbohydrates contain _____, _____, and ______ atoms.