Lilly Chapter 2 Heart Sounds and Murmurs
Terms
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- Atrial contraction produces an "a wave" in the LA at the end of (blank).
- diastole
- Why does the aortic valve usually close before the pulmonic valve?
- Gradient between Aorta and LV is higher than Pulmonic and RV
- In the cardiac cycle of the LA, what does the "c wave" stand for?
- After the "a wave", the MV closes causing a small rise in pressure ("c wave").
- In the cardiac cycle of the LA, passive venous filling is represented by the (blank).
- "v wave"
- What 3 factors determine the intensity of S1?
-
distance between leaflets; mobility of the leaflets;
rate of rise of Ventricular pressure - What 2 conditions could enhance the S2 heart sound? diminish?
- Systemic or Pulmonary HTN; aortic or pulmonic stenosis
- Following S2, mitral or tricuspid stenosis can cause a (blank) diastolic heart sound.
- opening snap (the closer to S2 the more severe the stenosis)
- Describe low pitched, S4.
- Atrium contraction vigorously against a stiffened ventricle.
- What is a pericardial knock?
- Sound caused by abrupt cessation of ventricular filling in constrictive pericarditis.
- How is a murmur generated?
- Turbulent blood flow
- Ejection type, systolic murmurs are of what shape?
- crescendo, decrescendo following short delay due to isovolumic contraction
- What does the position of the peak in aortic stenosis caused ejection systolic murmur tell us?
- The later in systole, the worse the stenosis
- What role does the size of the VSD play in pansystolic murmur intensity?
- The smaller the size, the greater the intensity.