Science Quiz 1
Terms
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- Metabolism
- a set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes
- Detritvores
- feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter (SNAILS, WORMS)
- Inorganic Chemical Componds
- stores energy in which some types of organisms rely
- Types of Producers
- kelp, algae, grass
- Ploem
- carries nutrients and carbs (food) down
- spongy mesophyll
- arranged with air spaces so it can store carbon dioxide and oxygen
- Chloroplast
- captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
- Photosynthesis
- process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
- Sunlight
- the main source of energy for life on Earth
- Food Chain
- a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
- Autotroph Energy Use
- use energy to fuel the assembly of simple inorganic compounds into complex organic molecules
- Herbivores
- obtain energy from plants (COWS)
- Trophic Level
- each step of the food chain or food web
- Two Biochemical Pathways
- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respirations
- Heterotrophs
- organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply (consumers)
- Chemosynthesis
- When organisms use chemical enegy to produce carbohydrates
- Omnivores
- eat anything to obtain energy (HUMANS, BEARS)
- ATP
- Adenosine Triphosphate--one of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy
- Guard Cells
- Regulates the movement of gases in and out of leaves
- Vein
- transfers water and other fluids througout the leaf
- Coenzyemes
- assist an enzyme (NAD+, NADP+, AND FAD)carrier molecules)
- Palisade Layer
- absorb light
- chlorophyll
- the plant's principal pigment
- Autotrophs
- obtain energy from light or inorgain compounds (producers)
- Jan Ingenhousz
- Tested aquatic plants and saw that oxygen bubbles were created under light, but no tin the dark. Light is neccessary for plants to produce oxygen
- Carnivores
- eat animals to gain energy (OWLS)
- Van Helmont
- Grew willow tree, measured weight of tree, soil and water. After 5 years, increased 170lbs. No change in weight of soil. Additional weight of tree was from water.
- Food Webs
- when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions
- Xylem
- carries water upward
- Waxy Cuticle
- prevents water loss
- Decomposers
- break down organic matter
- Upper Epidermis
- protects leaf, prevents water loss
- Joseph Pristley
- Using jar and candle, after period of time flame went out/mint leaf added and flame stayed lit longer. The mint leaf had produced a substance from burning that allowed flame to remain lit longer.
- stomata
- allow CO2 and 02 to diffuse into oand out of the leaf
- Air spaces
- allows the plant storage area for CO2
- Lower Epidermis
- protects leaf