09: Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases

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Botulism agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Clostridium botulinum
description: gram+ spore forming rod
affect: neuromuscular junction
signs: paralysis
toxin: yes
treatment: antitoxiin
immunization: none
comment: most powerful toxin known, infant and wound botulism possible
Staphylococcal food poisoning agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Staphylococcus aureus
description: gram+ staphylococcus
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: yes
treatment: none
immunization: none
comment: due to enterotoxin, brief incubation period, affects millions annually
Clostridial food poisoning agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Clostridium perfringens
description: gram+ spore forming rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea, cramping
toxin: Yes
treatment: none
immunization: none
comment: common in protein-rich foods, spores survive cooking
Typhoid fever agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Salmonella typhi
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine, blood, gall bladder
signs: ulcers, fever, rose spots
toxin: not established
treatment: chloramphenicol
immunization: vaccine of dead bacteria
comment: spread from carriers, 400 cases annually in USA
Salmonellosis agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Salmonella serotypes
description: gram- rods
affect: intestine
signs: fever, diarrhea, vomiting
toxin: not established
treatment: not recommended
immunization: none
comment: poultry products, most reported foodborne disease (40,000 cases yr)
Shigellosis agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Shigella serotypes
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea, dysentery
toxin: yes
treatment: rehydration, antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: may be accompanied by dysentery, R.plasmids limit antibiotic use
Cholera agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Vibrio cholerae
description: gram- curved rod
affect: intestine
signs: rice-water stools, extreme diarrhea, shock
toxin: yes
treatment: rehydration
immunization: vaccine of dead bacteria
comment: dehydration danger, raw seafood, rare in USA
Escherichia coli (diarrheas) agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Escherichia coli
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: yes
treatment: antibiotics, rehydration
immunization: none
comment: symptoms due to enterotoxin, enteroinvasive strain seen
Campylo-bacteriosis agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Campylobacter jejuni
description: gram- curved rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea, fever
toxin: not established
treatment: erythromycin
immunization: none
comment: raw milk, mild to serious symptoms
Listeriosis agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Listeria monocytogenes
description: gram+ small rod
affect: intestine, meninges, monocytes
signs: diarrhea, meningitis
toxin: not established
treatment: antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: dangers in pregnancy, associated with animals and maybe soft cheeses
Brucellosis agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Brucella species
description: gram- rod
affect: spleen, lymph glands
signs: undulating fever, joint pain
toxin: not established
treatment: doxycline, rifampin
immunization: none
comment: induces abortion in barn animals, hazardous to animal workers
Vibrio parahaemolyticus agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: not established
treatment: various antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: associated with seafood
Vibrio vulnificus agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Vibrio vulnificus
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: not established
treatment: various antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: associated with shellfish
Bacillus cereus agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Bacillus cereus
description: gram+ spore forming rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: yes
treatment: none
immunization: none
comment: spores survive in cooked food
Yersinia enterocolitica agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Yersinia enterocolitica
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: not established
treatment: various antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: widely found in animals
Pleisomonas shigelloides agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Pleisomonas shigelloides
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: not established
treatment: various antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: occurs in tropical climates
Aeromonas hydrophila agent description affect signs toxin treatment immunization comment: agent: Aeromonas hydrophila
description: gram- rod
affect: intestine
signs: diarrhea
toxin: yes
treatment: various antibiotics
immunization: none
comment: common in soil and water

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Number of cards 17