American History AP
Terms
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- Columbian Exhange
- phrase used by historians; refers to the movement across the Atlantic of people, animals, plants, and microorganismc-voluntary and involuntary
- What were the motives for exploration and colonization?
-
-economic: trade~India, precious metals
-religious conversions:Christianity
-political: land = power - Christopher Columbus
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-1492
-began the establishment of European colonization - Glorification of Christopher Columbus includes...
-
-enslavement
-his crew totally supported him
-motive only inculded pure curiousity(inspired by the Renaisannce and humanism) - "Real" reasons for Columbus' voyage
-
-economic gain
-expansion of Christianity - "Black Legend"
-
myth that Spanish treatment was fair towards the Native Americand in contrast to the English
~Spain was actually worse - French settlement
-
-1700
-by way of the NW pasage and the St. Lawerence River
-failure to get profits, build forts instead
-married Indigenous women - Huguenots
- religious minority that wanted to colonize for religious freedom
- Roanoke
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-1580s
-under Elizabeth I
-first private settlement premitted by England - Reasons for Roanoke's failure
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-no man power
-no active support
-everyone wanted to be closer to home - 1607
- Jamestown, Cheasapeake Bay region, and Maryland established
- John Smith
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-organized the people(forces manual labor)
-started tobacco trade(very profitable) yet plantations are diffused b/c tobacco soaks a lot of nutrients - Indentured servitude
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involutary labor, contract that pays for the passage and the worker must work until he pays off that debt
*incentive= oppurtunity to own land - House of Burgesses established
- 1619
- 1624
- Charters no longer permitted; colonies now governed by England reprensentatives
- Mayflower Compact
- community would be governed by laws that citizens agreed to
- Maryland
-
-1634
-began Anglican vs. Catholicism
-proprietary colony
-wanted to provide haven for Catholics - Puritans
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-extreme believers that God had pre-destination for everyone
-contrary to belief: obsessed and fanatical spiritual leaders
-wanted to reform the Anglican Church from its Catholic traditions - Pilgrims
- Separtists
-
-1628
-John Winthrop
-refuge for Puritans - Massachusetts
- John Winthrop
-
-head of Puritan movement: Great Migration
-"city upon the hill"-epitome way of life - exceptionalism
-
that a community is like no other communities in the way that they live
ex. New england will have different econ. base that Cheasapeake b/c of different weather and soil - Roger Williams
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-associated w/ religious toleration: derives their faith in the way he/she could
-called for "separation of church and state" - Anne Hutchinson
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-antinomianism: an individual has the priveledge to communicate to God directly by prayer
-expelled as a threat - King Phillip's War
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-1675
-resist the conquering of Indian lands
-half the towns destroyed
-but not successful: no support, english weapons were better - Bacon's Rebellion
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-against governor of virginia(Berkeley) b/c of lack or support of the frontier/ poor farmer, and created a bad gov't
-african slavery started immediately after - Nathaniel Bacon
-
-led the rebellion
-took over gov't after gov't dissaproved
-with his death, the uprising ended - Mercantilism
- dominant idea of the way european gov't controlled the colonies
- Navagation Act
-
all goods imported and exported to England had to be shipd on their own boats
-taxes on foreign goods, colonies served as markets - Dominion of New England
-
-1685
-King James II reigned
-eliminated the charters to create
-enforces Navi. Act and increased more rules and taxes - Glorious Revolution
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-1688
-overthrown King James II
-inspired Leisler's-New york; Coodes's-Maryland - 1689
- Bill of rights established
- John Locke
-
-"Second Treatise on Civil Gov't"
-every persn gives up right to protects others;citizens have the right to change and overthrow gov't - 1692
- Salem Witch trials
- ^1697
- Royal African Co. were the only company to sell slaves to Eng. colonies
- Views on African Slavery
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-not condemned in the Bible
-better off
-civilizing
- giving them salvation - Stono Rebellion
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-1739
-slave rebellion not sucessful - New England
- New Hampshire, Conneticut,Massachusetts, Rhode Island
- Southern Colonies
- Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
- Middle colonies
- Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Delaware
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-1607
-John Smith
-commercial venture - Virginia(JAmestown)
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-1613
-Peter Stuyvesant
-commercial venture - New york(amsterdam)
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-1620
-William Bradford
-refuge for separtists - Plymouth
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-1636
-Roger Williams - Rhode Island
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-1681
-William Penn
-refuge for quakers - Pennsylvania
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-1638
-William Penn
-commercial venture - Delaware
-
1600s
-Scientific revolution
-Deism: God doesnt interfere with worldly affairs
-natural laws - Enlightnenment
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-1700s
-religious revivals
-Jonathan Edwards;George Whitefield
-old lights vs. new lights - First Great Awakening
- Salutary Neglect
- Parliament did not interfere with colonial gov't; left colonies in political isolation
- Wars of Empire
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-1607-1763
-wars b/t France and Britain -
-french and english wanted Ohio valley
-virginia fights;loses
-Washington returnds w/ British army; loses
-William pitt:captures Quebec
-1763:treaty of paris - French/Indian War
- Views Of French/Indian War
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-England:colonies didnt help
-Colonies: couldnt do it w/o them
-Indians:fear and pressure - Proclomation line
- line across App. mts to stop colonies from spreading into Indian lands
- Daniel Boone
- crossed proclomation line
- George Grenville
- found ways to cut costs of the empire and give to colonies
- Sugar Act
- 1764
- Stamp Act
- 1765
- Repeal of Stamp act
- 1766
- Townshend Act
- 1767
- Boston Massacre
- 1770
- Committees of correspondence
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-keep colonies informed
-1772 - Gaspee`
- 1772
- 1773
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-PArliament passes tea act
-Boston tea party -
Intolerable Acts
First Continental Congress - 1774
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-Battles at Lexington and Concord
-Second Continental COngress - 1775